14-65077985-G-A

Position:

• chr14-65077985-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points: 14P and 0B. PVS1_Strong PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_002382.5(MAX):​c.223C>T​(p.Arg75Ter) variant causes a stop gained change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: MAX NM_002382.5 stop_gained
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:3 O:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.34

Genes affected

MAX (HGNC:6913): (MYC associated factor X) The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLHZ) family of transcription factors. It is able to form homodimers and heterodimers with other family members, which include Mad, Mxi1 and Myc. Myc is an oncoprotein implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The homodimers and heterodimers compete for a common DNA target site (the E box) and rearrangement among these dimer forms provides a complex system of transcriptional regulation. Mutations of this gene have been reported to be associated with hereditary pheochromocytoma. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product does not undergo nonsense mediated mRNA decay. Variant is located in the 3'-most 50 bp of the penultimate exon, not predicted to undergo nonsense mediated mRNA decay. There are 7 pathogenic variants in the truncated region.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 14-65077985-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr14-65077985-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 29786.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr14-65077985-G-A is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MAX	NM_002382.5	c.223C>T	p.Arg75Ter	stop_gained	4/5	ENST00000358664.9	NP_002373.3

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MAX	ENST00000358664.9	c.223C>T	p.Arg75Ter	stop_gained	4/5	1	NM_002382.5	ENSP00000351490	P4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000795 AC: 2 AN: 251484 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00000736 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 135922

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3 Other:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Jul 26, 2023

Nonsense variant predicted to result in protein truncation or nonsense mediated decay in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); Also known as c.196C>T p.R66X; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 25525159, Parisien-La Salle[2022]Abstract, 28152038, 30877234, 31666924, 29625052, 23551045, 21685915, 22452945, 34135865) -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Dec 24, 2018

The p.R75* pathogenic mutation (also known as c.223C>T), located in coding exon 4 of the MAX gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 223. This changes the amino acid from an arginine to a stop codon within coding exon 4. This mutation was originally identified in a family with multiple cases of early-onset bilateral pheochromocytomas (PCC); the PCC tumor of the proband demonstrated absent immunohistochemical staining and loss of heterozygosity for MAX (Comino-Méndez I et al. Nat. Genet., 2011 Jun;43:663-7). This pathogenic variant was also described in other individuals with bilateral PCC (Burnichon N et al. Clin. Cancer Res., 2012 May;18:2828-37; Pczkowska M et al. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf), 2013 Dec;79:817-23). In addition to the clinical data presented in the literature, this alteration is expected to result in loss of function by premature protein truncation or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. As such, this alteration is interpreted as a disease-causing mutation. -

Hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Nov 07, 2022

For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 29786). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with bilateral adrenal pheochromoytoma and adrenal pheochromocytoma (PMID: 21685915, 22452945, 23551045). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. This variant is present in population databases (rs387906650, gnomAD 0.002%). This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Arg75*) in the MAX gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in MAX are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 21685915, 26070438). -

Neoplasm Other:1

-, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital

Jul 31, 2024

- -

Pheochromocytoma, susceptibility to Other:1

risk factor, no assertion criteria provided

literature only

OMIM

Jun 19, 2011

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.61	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.59
CADD	Pathogenic	38
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Uncertain	0.51
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.38
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.97	D
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	A;A;A;A;A;A;D;D;D;D;D
Vest4		0.81
GERP RS		4.3

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs387906650; hg19: chr14-65544703; COSMIC: COSV52415613; COSMIC: COSV52415613;