16-173736-A-T

Variant names:

• chr16-173736-A-T
• rs2685121
• NM_000517.6:c.*136A>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points: 2P and 4B. PM2 BP4_Strong

The NM_000517.6(HBA2):​c.*136A>T variant causes a downstream gene change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. No clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 30)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 9.7e-7 (0 hom.)
  • Failed GnomAD Quality Control
• Consequence: HBA2 NM_000517.6 downstream_gene
• Clinical Significance: Not reported in ClinVar
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -0.0180
• Publications: 12 publications found

Genes affected

HBA2 (HGNC:4824): (hemoglobin subunit alpha 2) The human alpha globin gene cluster located on chromosome 16 spans about 30 kb and includes seven loci: 5'- zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-1 - alpha-2 - alpha-1 - theta - 3'. The alpha-2 (HBA2) and alpha-1 (HBA1) coding sequences are identical. These genes differ slightly over the 5' untranslated regions and the introns, but they differ significantly over the 3' untranslated regions. Two alpha chains plus two beta chains constitute HbA, which in normal adult life comprises about 97% of the total hemoglobin; alpha chains combine with delta chains to constitute HbA-2, which with HbF (fetal hemoglobin) makes up the remaining 3% of adult hemoglobin. Alpha thalassemias result from deletions of each of the alpha genes as well as deletions of both HBA2 and HBA1; some nondeletion alpha thalassemias have also been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

HBA2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• alpha thalassemia spectrum

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen
• erythrocytosis, familial, 7

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, LIMITED Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• hemoglobin M disease

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• hemoglobin H disease

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• Heinz body anemia

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• methemoglobinemia, alpha type

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

ENSG00000294455 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (BayesDel_noAF=-0.82).

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000517.6. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	HBA2	NM_000517.6	MANE Select	c.*136A>T		downstream_gene	N/A	NP_000508.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	HBA2	ENST00000251595.11	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.*136A>T		downstream_gene	N/A	ENSP00000251595.6
	HBA2	ENST00000482565.1	TSL:1	n.*61A>T		downstream_gene	N/A
	ENSG00000294455	ENST00000723699.1		n.-26T>A		upstream_gene	N/A

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 30

GnomAD4 exome Data not reliable, filtered out with message: AS_VQSR AF: 9.73e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1027224 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 14 AF XY: 0.00000191 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 522358

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Exomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 21068

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 35572

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 22726

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 34168

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.0000142 AC: 1 AN: 70388

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 47876

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4846

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 745278

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 45302

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD4 Exomes is highly skewed from 0.5 (p-value = 0), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 30

ClinVar

Not reported in ClinVar

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.82
CADD	Benign	2.5
DANN	Benign	0.48
PhyloP100		-0.018

Splicing

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs2685121; hg19: chr16-223735;