16-23636148-C-T

Variant names:

• chr16-23636148-C-T
• rs864622411
• ENST00000568219.5:c.-488G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -3 ACMG points: 2P and 5B. PM2 BP4_Strong BP6

The ENST00000568219.5(PALB2):​c.-488G>A variant causes a 5 prime UTR premature start codon gain change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000342 in 1,460,778 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000034 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PALB2 ENST00000568219.5 5_prime_UTR_premature_start_codon_gain
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:3 B:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -5.63
• Publications: 4 publications found

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• hereditary breast carcinoma

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
• Fanconi anemia complementation group N

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
• pancreatic cancer, susceptibility to, 3

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• familial ovarian cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: ClinGen
• Fanconi anemia

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -3 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.029756695).
• BP6: Variant 16-23636148-C-T is Benign according to our data. Variant chr16-23636148-C-T is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 246217.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4	c.398G>A	p.Ser133Asn	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9	c.398G>A	p.Ser133Asn	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000342 AC: 5 AN: 1460778 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00000550 AC XY: 4 AN XY: 726618

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33360

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44548

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26116

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39688

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86050

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53412

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5764

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000450 AC: 5 AN: 1111496

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60344

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3 Benign:2

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Benign:2

May 13, 2016

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Dec 02, 2015

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

not specified Uncertain:1

Jul 10, 2018

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: PALB2 c.398G>A (p.Ser133Asn) results in a conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant was absent in 245640 control chromosomes (gnomAD). The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. To our knowledge, no occurrence of c.398G>A in individuals affected with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer and no experimental evidence demonstrating its impact on protein function have been reported. Two ClinVar submissions from clinical diagnostic laboratories (evaluation after 2014) cite the variant with conflicting classifications, one as uncertain significance and one as likely benign. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

not provided Uncertain:1

Aug 29, 2023

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 20871615, 19369211) -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Aug 14, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces serine, which is neutral and polar, with asparagine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 133 of the PALB2 protein (p.Ser133Asn). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with PALB2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 246217). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function outputs the following: PolyPhen-2: "Benign". The asparagine amino acid residue is found in multiple mammalian species, which suggests that this missense change does not adversely affect protein function. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.082
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.44	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.86
CADD	Benign	0.0080
DANN	Benign	0.57
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.067	T
Eigen	Benign	-1.6
Eigen_PC	Benign	-1.7
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.012	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.39	T
M_CAP	Benign	0.016	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.030	T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.99	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	-0.075	N
PhyloP100		-5.6
PrimateAI	Benign	0.26	T
PROVEAN	Benign	0.23	N
REVEL	Benign	0.078
Sift	Benign	0.55	T
Sift4G	Benign	0.40	T
Polyphen		0.0040	B
Vest4		0.074
MutPred		0.15		Gain of relative solvent accessibility (P = 0.005);
MVP		0.11
MPC		0.051
ClinPred		0.054	T
GERP RS		-12
Varity_R		0.015
gMVP		0.039
Mutation Taster		=84/16	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs864622411; hg19: chr16-23647469;