16-68819324-C-T

Position:

• chr16-68819324-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -4 ACMG points: 0P and 4B. BS2

The NM_004360.5(CDH1):​c.1610C>T​(p.Pro537Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000958 in 1,461,852 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 31)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000096 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: CDH1 NM_004360.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:8 B:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.29

Genes affected

CDH1 (HGNC:1748): (cadherin 1) This gene encodes a classical cadherin of the cadherin superfamily. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate the mature glycoprotein. This calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion protein is comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Mutations in this gene are correlated with gastric, breast, colorectal, thyroid and ovarian cancer. Loss of function of this gene is thought to contribute to cancer progression by increasing proliferation, invasion, and/or metastasis. The ectodomain of this protein mediates bacterial adhesion to mammalian cells and the cytoplasmic domain is required for internalization. This gene is present in a gene cluster with other members of the cadherin family on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

CDH1 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -4 ACMG points.

• BS2: High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 14 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
CDH1	NM_004360.5	c.1610C>T	p.Pro537Leu	missense_variant	11/16	ENST00000261769.10	NP_004351.1
CDH1	NM_001317184.2	c.1427C>T	p.Pro476Leu	missense_variant	10/15		NP_001304113.1
CDH1	NM_001317185.2	c.62C>T	p.Pro21Leu	missense_variant	11/16		NP_001304114.1
CDH1	NM_001317186.2	c.-254-2677C>T		intron_variant			NP_001304115.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
CDH1	ENST00000261769.10	c.1610C>T	p.Pro537Leu	missense_variant	11/16	1	NM_004360.5	ENSP00000261769.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 31

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.0000239 AC: 6 AN: 251484 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.0000221 AC XY: 3 AN XY: 135914

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.000217

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000958 AC: 14 AN: 1461852 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000110 AC XY: 8 AN XY: 727230

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.000101

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.0000116

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000630

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000331

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 31

Alfa AF: 0.0000564 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ExAC AF: 0.0000165 AC: 2

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:8 Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma Uncertain:3

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Apr 10, 2018	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Mar 06, 2023	This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance as there is insufficient evidence to determine its impact on protein function and/or cancer risk. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Dec 10, 2023	This sequence change replaces proline, which is neutral and non-polar, with leucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 537 of the CDH1 protein (p.Pro537Leu). This variant is present in population databases (rs730881667, gnomAD 0.02%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with breast cancer (PMID: 30287823). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 182399). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

not provided Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Aug 28, 2018	This variant is denoted CDH1 c.1610C>T at the cDNA level, p.Pro537Leu (P537L) at the protein level, and results in the change of a Proline to a Leucine (CCG>CTG). This variant has not, to our knowledge, been published in the literature as a pathogenic or benign germline variant. CDH1 Pro537Leu was not observed at a significant allele frequency in large population cohorts (Lek 2016). This variant is located in the cadherin 4 domain (Brooks-Wilson 2004, Figueiredo 2013, UniProt). In silico analysis, which includes protein predictors and evolutionary conservation, supports a deleterious effect. Based on currently available evidence, it is unclear whether CDH1 Pro537Leu is a pathogenic or benign variant. We consider it to be a variant of uncertain significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	not provided	Breakthrough Genomics, Breakthrough Genomics	-	- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1 Benign:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Oct 27, 2023	This missense variant replaces proline with leucine at codon 537 of the CDH1 protein. To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has been observed in one individual each of East Asian ancestry affected with diffuse gastric cancer at age 60 (PMID: 25583476) and breast cancer (PMID: 30287823). This variant also has been observed in unaffected control individuals of Japanese ancestry and has been identified in 4/18394 chromosomes in the East Asian population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). In summary, this variant has been observed in two individuals affected with gastric or breast cancer and in several individuals selected for the lack of breast cancer or found in the general East Asian population. The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Jun 05, 2023	This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Carcinoma of colon Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

-

The CDH1 p.Pro537Leu variant was not identified in the literature. The variant was identified in dbSNP (ID: rs730881667) as "With Uncertain significance allele”, ClinVar (classified as uncertain significance by Invitae, GeneDx, Ambry Genetics, Color and Counsyl). The variant was identified in control databases in 7 of 246266 chromosomes at a frequency of 0.00003 (Genome Aggregation Database Feb 27, 2017). The variant was observed in the following populations: European in 3 of 111716 chromosomes (freq: 0.00003) and East Asian in 4 of 17248 chromosomes (freq: 0.0002), while the variant was not observed in the African, Other, Latino, Ashkenazi Jewish, Finnish, or South Asian populations. The p.Pro537 residue is conserved in mammals and computational analyses (PolyPhen-2, SIFT, AlignGVGD, BLOSUM, MutationTaster) provide inconsistent predictions regarding the impact to the protein; this information is not very predictive of pathogenicity. The variant occurs outside of the splicing consensus sequence and in silico or computational prediction software programs (SpliceSiteFinder, MaxEntScan, NNSPLICE, GeneSplicer) do not predict a difference in splicing. In summary, based on the above information, the clinical significance of this variant cannot be determined with certainty at this time. This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance. -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Baylor Genetics

Jan 05, 2024

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.11
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.22	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.26
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.50	T;T;T;.;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.57
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.45
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.58	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.97	D;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Benign	0.078	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.47	T;T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Uncertain	-0.016	T
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.0	M;.;.;.;.
PrimateAI	Benign	0.35	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-5.8	D;.;.;.;D
REVEL	Benign	0.29
Sift	Uncertain	0.0040	D;.;.;.;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.028	D;D;D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.66
MutPred		0.68		Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0862);Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0862);.;Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0862);.;
MVP		0.81
MPC		0.73
ClinPred		0.82	D
GERP RS		5.5
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.23
gMVP		0.48

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs730881667; hg19: chr16-68853227;