16-68828173-G-T

Position:

• chr16-68828173-G-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_004360.5(CDH1):​c.2165-1G>T variant causes a splice acceptor change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: CDH1 NM_004360.5 splice_acceptor
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 1.000
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.63

Genes affected

CDH1 (HGNC:1748): (cadherin 1) This gene encodes a classical cadherin of the cadherin superfamily. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate the mature glycoprotein. This calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion protein is comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Mutations in this gene are correlated with gastric, breast, colorectal, thyroid and ovarian cancer. Loss of function of this gene is thought to contribute to cancer progression by increasing proliferation, invasion, and/or metastasis. The ectodomain of this protein mediates bacterial adhesion to mammalian cells and the cytoplasmic domain is required for internalization. This gene is present in a gene cluster with other members of the cadherin family on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Splicing +-2 bp (donor or acceptor) variant, LoF is a know mechanism of disease, No cryptic splice site detected. Exon removal results in frameshift change.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 16-68828173-G-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr16-68828173-G-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 617777.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
CDH1	NM_004360.5	c.2165-1G>T		splice_acceptor_variant		ENST00000261769.10	NP_004351.1
CDH1	NM_001317184.2	c.1982-1G>T		splice_acceptor_variant			NP_001304113.1
CDH1	NM_001317185.2	c.617-1G>T		splice_acceptor_variant			NP_001304114.1
CDH1	NM_001317186.2	c.200-1G>T		splice_acceptor_variant			NP_001304115.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
CDH1	ENST00000261769.10	c.2165-1G>T		splice_acceptor_variant		1	NM_004360.5	ENSP00000261769	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma Pathogenic:2

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Apr 15, 2023	Disruption of this splice site has been observed in individual(s) with diffuse gastric cancer (Invitae). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change affects an acceptor splice site in intron 13 of the CDH1 gene. It is expected to disrupt RNA splicing. Variants that disrupt the donor or acceptor splice site typically lead to a loss of protein function (PMID: 16199547), and loss-of-function variants in CDH1 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 15235021, 20373070). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 617777). In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Jun 15, 2023	This variant is considered likely pathogenic. This variant occurs within a consensus splice junction and is predicted to result in abnormal mRNA splicing of either an out-of-frame exon or an in-frame exon necessary for protein stability and/or normal function. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana

Oct 24, 2018

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.43	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.38
CADD	Pathogenic	31
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.3
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	1.2
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D
GERP RS		6.1

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Pathogenic	1.0
dbscSNV1_RF	Pathogenic	0.94
SpliceAI score (max)		0.98		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_AG_spliceai		0.35		Position offset: 35
DS_AL_spliceai		0.98		Position offset: 1

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1385720097; hg19: chr16-68862076; COSMIC: COSV55727626; COSMIC: COSV55727626;