2-178553619-C-T

Variant names:

• chr2-178553619-C-T
• rs72648237
• NM_001267550.2:c.89386G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. The variant received -13 ACMG points: 0P and 13B. BP4_Strong BP6 BS1 BS2

The NM_001267550.2(TTN):​c.89386G>A​(p.Val29796Met) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000965 in 1,613,874 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 5 homozygotes. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 14/20 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. V29796V) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.00075 (1 hom., cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.00099 (4 hom.)
• Consequence: TTN NM_001267550.2 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:5 B:16
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 4.99
• Publications: 12 publications found

Genes affected

TTN (HGNC:12403): (titin) This gene encodes a large abundant protein of striated muscle. The product of this gene is divided into two regions, a N-terminal I-band and a C-terminal A-band. The I-band, which is the elastic part of the molecule, contains two regions of tandem immunoglobulin domains on either side of a PEVK region that is rich in proline, glutamate, valine and lysine. The A-band, which is thought to act as a protein-ruler, contains a mixture of immunoglobulin and fibronectin repeats, and possesses kinase activity. An N-terminal Z-disc region and a C-terminal M-line region bind to the Z-line and M-line of the sarcomere, respectively, so that a single titin molecule spans half the length of a sarcomere. Titin also contains binding sites for muscle associated proteins so it serves as an adhesion template for the assembly of contractile machinery in muscle cells. It has also been identified as a structural protein for chromosomes. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Considerable variability exists in the I-band, the M-line and the Z-disc regions of titin. Variability in the I-band region contributes to the differences in elasticity of different titin isoforms and, therefore, to the differences in elasticity of different muscle types. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 9, and autoantibodies to titin are produced in patients with the autoimmune disease scleroderma. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

TTN-AS1 (HGNC:44124): (TTN antisense RNA 1) This gene encodes a non-coding RNA transcribed from the opposite strand to the titin gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Benign. The variant received -13 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.009649873).
• BP6: Variant 2-178553619-C-T is Benign according to our data. Variant chr2-178553619-C-T is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 96314.
• BS1: Variant frequency is greater than expected in population sas. GnomAd4 allele frequency = 0.000749 (114/152294) while in subpopulation SAS AF = 0.00311 (15/4830). AF 95% confidence interval is 0.00191. There are 1 homozygotes in GnomAd4. There are 51 alleles in the male GnomAd4 subpopulation. Median coverage is 33. This position passed quality control check.
• BS2: High Homozygotes in GnomAdExome4 at 4 AD,AR gene

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
TTN	NM_001267550.2	c.89386G>A	p.Val29796Met	missense_variant	Exon 334 of 363	ENST00000589042.5	NP_001254479.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
TTN	ENST00000589042.5	c.89386G>A	p.Val29796Met	missense_variant	Exon 334 of 363	5	NM_001267550.2	ENSP00000467141.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.000756 AC: 115 AN: 152176 Hom.: 1 Cov.: 33

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.000265

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.000655

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00346

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00310

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00316

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.000853

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00383

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.00128 AC: 319 AN: 248568 AF XY: 0.00164

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.0000646

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.000580

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00329

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.000756

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00216

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.000987 AC: 1443 AN: 1461580 Hom.: 4 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00113 AC XY: 822 AN XY: 727072

African (AFR) AF: 0.0000597 AC: 2 AN: 33474

American (AMR) AF: 0.000738 AC: 33 AN: 44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00344 AC: 90 AN: 26128

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39684

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00519 AC: 448 AN: 86254

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53398

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.000694 AC: 4 AN: 5764

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.000712 AC: 792 AN: 1111786

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00123 AC: 74 AN: 60368

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.000749 AC: 114 AN: 152294 Hom.: 1 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.000685 AC XY: 51 AN XY: 74468

African (AFR) AF: 0.000265 AC: 11 AN: 41576

American (AMR) AF: 0.000654 AC: 10 AN: 15292

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00346 AC: 12 AN: 3472

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5178

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00311 AC: 15 AN: 4830

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10618

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00340 AC: 1 AN: 294

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.000838 AC: 57 AN: 68012

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00379 AC: 8 AN: 2110

Alfa AF: 0.000900 Hom.: 3

Bravo AF: 0.000699

TwinsUK AF: 0.000539 AC: 2

ALSPAC AF: 0.000778 AC: 3

ESP6500AA AF: 0.00 AC: 0

ESP6500EA AF: 0.000362 AC: 3

ExAC AF: 0.00132 AC: 159

Asia WGS AF: 0.00173 AC: 6 AN: 3476

EpiCase AF: 0.00125

EpiControl AF: 0.000889

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:5 Benign:16

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1 Benign:3

Aug 16, 2018

GeneDx

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 23396983, 23861362) -

May 01, 2025

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

TTN: BS2 -

Jun 28, 2023

ARUP Laboratories, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, ARUP Laboratories

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Jun 24, 2013

Biesecker Lab/Clinical Genomics Section, National Institutes of Health

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: research

- -

not specified Benign:4

Apr 09, 2015

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

p.Val27228Met in exon 283 of TTN: This variant is not expected to have clinical significance because it has been identified in 0.5% (89/16510) of South Asian ch romosomes by the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC, http://exac.broadinstitute. org; dbSNP rs72648237). -

Jul 02, 2015

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Aug 22, 2022

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Apr 09, 2025

Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Montreal Heart Institute

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Benign:2

Jul 26, 2017

Center for Advanced Laboratory Medicine, UC San Diego Health, University of California San Diego

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

-

Genetics and Genomics Program, Sidra Medicine

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: research

- -

Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2J Uncertain:1

Jan 13, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -

Early-onset myopathy with fatal cardiomyopathy Uncertain:1

Jan 13, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -

Dilated cardiomyopathy 1G Uncertain:1

Jan 13, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -

Primary dilated cardiomyopathy Uncertain:1

-

Genetics and Genomics Program, Sidra Medicine

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: research

- -

TTN-related disorder Benign:1

Feb 14, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is classified as likely benign based on ACMG/AMP sequence variant interpretation guidelines (Richards et al. 2015 PMID: 25741868, with internal and published modifications). -

Cardiomyopathy Benign:1

Feb 09, 2018

CHEO Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Hypotonia;C0349588:Short stature;C0454644:Delayed speech and language development;C0746674:Generalized muscle weakness;C2315100:Failure to thrive;C3687424:Abnormal speech pattern;C4021753:Abnormality of the immune system Benign:1

Mar 21, 2019

Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health and Sciences University

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2J;C1858763:Dilated cardiomyopathy 1G Benign:1

Jan 30, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Tibial muscular dystrophy Benign:1

Jan 13, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of benign for this disease. -

Myopathy, myofibrillar, 9, with early respiratory failure Benign:1

Jan 13, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of benign for this disease. -

Cardiovascular phenotype Benign:1

Jun 07, 2019

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Subpopulation frequency in support of benign classification -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.23
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.37	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.30
CADD	Benign	21
DANN	Benign	0.96
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.70
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.72
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.96	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.96	D;D;D;.;D;D;D
M_CAP	Benign	0.020	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.0096	T;T;T;T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.52	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.4	.;.;.;L;.;.;L
PhyloP100		5.0
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.61	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-2.2	N;N;.;.;N;N;.
REVEL	Benign	0.25
Sift	Uncertain	0.011	D;D;.;.;D;D;.
Polyphen		1.0	.;.;.;D;.;.;D
Vest4		0.43
MVP		0.52
MPC		0.47
ClinPred		0.054	T
GERP RS		5.6
Mutation Taster		=97/3	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs72648237; hg19: chr2-179418346;