21-43172104-C-T

Variant names:

• chr21-43172104-C-T
• rs74315439
• NM_000394.4:c.346C>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 17 ACMG points: 17P and 0B. PM1 PM5 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000394.4(CRYAA):​c.346C>T​(p.Arg116Cys) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 13/22 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R116S) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 0)
• Consequence: CRYAA NM_000394.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.22
• Publications: 61 publications found

Genes affected

CRYAA (HGNC:2388): (crystallin alpha A) Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families. Alpha crystallins are composed of two gene products: alpha-A and alpha-B, for acidic and basic, respectively. Alpha crystallins can be induced by heat shock and are members of the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family. They act as molecular chaperones although they do not renature proteins and release them in the fashion of a true chaperone; instead they hold them in large soluble aggregates. Post-translational modifications decrease the ability to chaperone. These heterogeneous aggregates consist of 30-40 subunits; the alpha-A and alpha-B subunits have a 3:1 ratio, respectively. Two additional functions of alpha crystallins are an autokinase activity and participation in the intracellular architecture. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Alpha-A and alpha-B gene products are differentially expressed; alpha-A is preferentially restricted to the lens and alpha-B is expressed widely in many tissues and organs. Defects in this gene cause autosomal dominant congenital cataract (ADCC). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

CRYAA Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• cataract 9 multiple types

  Inheritance: AR, AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
• cataract - microcornea syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• early-onset anterior polar cataract

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• early-onset lamellar cataract

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• early-onset nuclear cataract

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• total early-onset cataract

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 17 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a chain Alpha-crystallin A(1-162) (size 161) in uniprot entity CRYAA_HUMAN there are 12 pathogenic changes around while only 1 benign (92%) in NM_000394.4
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr21-43172104-C-A is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 521018.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 11 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 0 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.34778 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: NaN (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to early-onset lamellar cataract, cataract - microcornea syndrome, early-onset nuclear cataract, early-onset anterior polar cataract, total early-onset cataract, cataract 9 multiple types.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.989
• PP5: Variant 21-43172104-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr21-43172104-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 16957.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
CRYAA	NM_000394.4	c.346C>T	p.Arg116Cys	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 3	ENST00000291554.6	NP_000385.1
CRYAA	NM_001363766.1	c.235C>T	p.Arg79Cys	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 3		NP_001350695.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
CRYAA	ENST00000291554.6	c.346C>T	p.Arg116Cys	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 3	1	NM_000394.4	ENSP00000291554.2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 0

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 0

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 0

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:4

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Cataract 9 multiple types Pathogenic:3

Feb 01, 2007

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

-

Juno Genomics, Hangzhou Juno Genomics, Inc

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

PM2_Supporting+PM5+PS3_Supporting+PS4_Moderate+PP1_Strong+PP4 -

Apr 07, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with cysteine, which is neutral and slightly polar, at codon 116 of the CRYAA protein (p.Arg116Cys). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with autosomal dominant congenital cataract (PMID: 9467006, 16735993, 17296897). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 16957). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt CRYAA protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects CRYAA function (PMID: 10684623, 11123904, 18085469, 22045060, 22140512, 22347476). This variant disrupts the p.Arg116 amino acid residue in CRYAA. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 18302245, 20079887, 22045060, 22216983). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Dec 01, 2019

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.53	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.60
CADD	Pathogenic	32
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.97	D;.;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.84
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.67
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.97	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	1.0	D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.68	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.5	H;.;.
PhyloP100		7.2
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.91	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-7.1	D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.97
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.;.
Vest4		0.93
MutPred		0.94		Loss of disorder (P = 0.0237);.;.;
MVP		0.99
MPC		1.4
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		3.8
Varity_R		0.64
gMVP		0.85
Mutation Taster		=3/97	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs74315439; hg19: chr21-44592214; COSMIC: COSV52352252;