4-4860209-G-C

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -4 ACMG points: 0P and 4B. BS2

The NM_002448.3(MSX1):c.310G>C(p.Gly104Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000292 in 1,543,626 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000031 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

MSX1
NM_002448.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:2

Conservation

PhyloP100: 1.07

Publications

0 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

MSX1 (HGNC:7391): (msh homeobox 1) This gene encodes a member of the muscle segment homeobox gene family. The encoded protein functions as a transcriptional repressor during embryogenesis through interactions with components of the core transcription complex and other homeoproteins. It may also have roles in limb-pattern formation, craniofacial development, particularly odontogenesis, and tumor growth inhibition. Mutations in this gene, which was once known as homeobox 7, have been associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate 5, Witkop syndrome, Wolf-Hirschom syndrome, and autosomoal dominant hypodontia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MSX1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

orofacial cleft 5
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: G2P
tooth agenesis, selective, 1
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: ClinGen, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
tooth agenesis
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
tooth and nail syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)

MSX1 links:

ENSG00000308455 (HGNC:):

ENSG00000308455 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -4 ACMG points.

BS2

High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 43 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MSX1	NM_002448.3 link	c.310G>C	p.Gly104Arg	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 2	ENST00000382723.5	NP_002439.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein
MSX1	ENST00000382723.5 link	c.310G>C	p.Gly104Arg	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 2	1	NM_002448.3	ENSP00000372170.4
ENSG00000308455	ENST00000834195.1 link	n.304-3420C>G		intron_variant	Intron 2 of 2
ENSG00000308455	ENST00000834196.1 link	n.49-3420C>G		intron_variant	Intron 1 of 1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152130

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000201

AC:

AN:

149424

AF XY:

0.0000119

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.0000369

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000161

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000309

AC:

AN:

1391496

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000232

AC XY:

AN XY:

689136

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

29612

American (AMR)

AF:

0.0000260

AC:

AN:

38478

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

24580

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

35404

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.0000125

AC:

AN:

79942

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

35236

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5576

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000369

AC:

AN:

1084756

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000173

AC:

AN:

57912

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.490

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152130

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000135

AC XY:

AN XY:

74304

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41432

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15286

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3472

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5172

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4834

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10622

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

314

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000294

AC:

AN:

67994

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2092

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.500

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.00

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000227

ExAC

AF:

0.0000264

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Hypoplastic enamel-onycholysis-hypohidrosis syndrome

Uncertain:1

Jun 22, 2021

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Align-GVGD) all suggest that this variant is likely to be tolerated, but these predictions have not been confirmed by published functional studies and their clinical significance is uncertain. This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals with MSX1-related disease. This variant is present in population databases (rs768005654, ExAC 0.1%). This sequence change replaces glycine with arginine at codon 104 of the MSX1 protein (p.Gly104Arg). The glycine residue is moderately conserved and there is a moderate physicochemical difference between glycine and arginine. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance.

Inborn genetic diseases

Uncertain:1

Jun 24, 2025

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The c.310G>C (p.G104R) alteration is located in exon 1 (coding exon 1) of the MSX1 gene. This alteration results from a G to C substitution at nucleotide position 310, causing the glycine (G) at amino acid position 104 to be replaced by an arginine (R). Based on insufficient or conflicting evidence, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.17

BayesDel_addAF

Uncertain

0.041

BayesDel_noAF

Uncertain

-0.060

CADD

Benign

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.35

Eigen

Benign

-0.16

Eigen_PC

Benign

-0.13

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.93

LIST_S2

Benign

0.77

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.90

MetaRNN

Uncertain

0.67

MetaSVM

Uncertain

0.32

MutationAssessor

Benign

1.6

PhyloP100

1.1

PrimateAI

Pathogenic

0.89

PROVEAN

Benign

-1.3

REVEL

Uncertain

0.46

Sift

Benign

0.057

Sift4G

Benign

0.20

Vest4

0.56

ClinPred

0.34

GERP RS

3.2

Varity_R

0.093

gMVP

0.62

Mutation Taster

=83/17

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over