9-21974770-C-G

Position:

• chr9-21974770-C-G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 7 ACMG points: 7P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Moderate PP5

The ENST00000304494.10(CDKN2A):​c.58G>C​(p.Ala20Pro) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. A20E) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: CDKN2A ENST00000304494.10 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:1 U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.47

Genes affected

CDKN2A (HGNC:1787): (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) This gene generates several transcript variants which differ in their first exons. At least three alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct proteins have been reported, two of which encode structurally related isoforms known to function as inhibitors of CDK4 kinase. The remaining transcript includes an alternate first exon located 20 Kb upstream of the remainder of the gene; this transcript contains an alternate open reading frame (ARF) that specifies a protein which is structurally unrelated to the products of the other variants. This ARF product functions as a stabilizer of the tumor suppressor protein p53 as it can interact with, and sequester, the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MDM2, a protein responsible for the degradation of p53. In spite of the structural and functional differences, the CDK inhibitor isoforms and the ARF product encoded by this gene, through the regulatory roles of CDK4 and p53 in cell cycle G1 progression, share a common functionality in cell cycle G1 control. This gene is frequently mutated or deleted in a wide variety of tumors, and is known to be an important tumor suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 7 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 4 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 1 benign, 16 uncertain in ENST00000304494.10
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.905
• PP5: Variant 9-21974770-C-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr9-21974770-C-G is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 576362.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submissions are: {Likely_pathogenic=1, Uncertain_significance=1}.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
CDKN2A	NM_000077.5	c.58G>C	p.Ala20Pro	missense_variant	1/3	ENST00000304494.10	NP_000068.1
CDKN2A	NM_058195.4	c.194-3562G>C		intron_variant		ENST00000579755.2	NP_478102.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
CDKN2A	ENST00000304494.10	c.58G>C	p.Ala20Pro	missense_variant	1/3	1	NM_000077.5	ENSP00000307101	P2
CDKN2A	ENST00000579755.2	c.194-3562G>C		intron_variant		1	NM_058195.4	ENSP00000462950

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Feb 16, 2022

The p.A20P variant (also known as c.58G>C), located in coding exon 1 of the CDKN2A gene, results from a G to C substitution at nucleotide position 58. The alanine at codon 20 is replaced by proline, an amino acid with highly similar properties. This alteration has been observed in at least one family with a clinical history that is consistent with familial pancreatic cancer and melanoma (Ambry internal data). In vitro protein functional assays demonstrated that expressed protein with this alteration was unable to bind to CDK4 or CDK6 (Ruas M et al. Oncogene. 1999 Sep;18:5423-34; Miller PJ et al. Hum Mutat. 2011 Aug;32:900-11). Based on internal structural analysis, the variant is moderately destabilizing to the local structure. This variant is considered to be rare based on population cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Based on the majority of available evidence to date, this variant is likely to be pathogenic. -

Familial melanoma Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

May 15, 2022

In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects CDKN2A (p16INK4a) function (PMID: 10951521, 11556834, 12700603, 17909018, 21462282). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function are either unavailable or do not agree on the potential impact of this missense change (SIFT: "Tolerated"; PolyPhen-2: "Probably Damaging"; Align-GVGD: "Class C0"). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 576362). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with CDKN2A (p16INK4a)-related conditions. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with proline, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 20 of the CDKN2A (p16INK4a) protein (p.Ala20Pro). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.95
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.28	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.17
CADD	Uncertain	24
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.49	T;T;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.27
Eigen_PC	Benign	0.011
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.93	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.76	T;T;T
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.79	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.91	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.60	D
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;N;N;N;N
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.71	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-4.1	D;.;D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.54
Sift	Uncertain	0.0020	D;.;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0050	D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.;.
Vest4		0.83
MutPred		0.44		Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0523);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0523);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0523);
MVP		0.90
MPC		1.4
ClinPred		0.98	D
GERP RS		3.0
Varity_R		0.79
gMVP		0.97

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs760065045; hg19: chr9-21974769; COSMIC: COSV58693206; COSMIC: COSV58693206;