NM_000044.6:c.2521C>T

Variant names:

• chrX-67722898-C-T
• rs137852577
• NM_000044.6:c.2521C>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points: 19P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000044.6(AR):​c.2521C>T​(p.Arg841Cys) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000000911 in 1,097,281 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. There are no hemizygote samples in GnomAD. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R841H) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 22)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 9.1e-7 (0 hom. 0 hem.)
• Consequence: AR NM_000044.6 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:7
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.46
• Publications: 12 publications found

Genes affected

AR (HGNC:644): (androgen receptor) The androgen receptor gene is more than 90 kb long and codes for a protein that has 3 major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and androgen-binding domain. The protein functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. This gene contains 2 polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that encode polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal transactivation domain of its protein. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract from the normal 9-34 repeats to the pathogenic 38-62 repeats causes spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA, also known as Kennedy's disease). Mutations in this gene are also associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

AR Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• androgen insensitivity syndrome

  Inheritance: XL Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• Kennedy disease

  Inheritance: XL Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, ClinGen, G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet
• partial androgen insensitivity syndrome

  Inheritance: XL Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Orphanet
• complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

  Inheritance: XL Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 4 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 3 uncertain in NM_000044.6
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chrX-67722899-G-A is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 9829.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 147 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 39 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 1.2272 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: NaN (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to androgen insensitivity syndrome, Kennedy disease, complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, partial androgen insensitivity syndrome.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.939
• PP5: Variant X-67722898-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chrX-67722898-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 9830.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000044.6. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	AR	NM_000044.6	MANE Select	c.2521C>T	p.Arg841Cys	missense	Exon 7 of 8	NP_000035.2
	AR	NM_001011645.3		c.925C>T	p.Arg309Cys	missense	Exon 8 of 9	NP_001011645.1	Q9NUA2

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	AR	ENST00000374690.9	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.2521C>T	p.Arg841Cys	missense	Exon 7 of 8	ENSP00000363822.3	P10275-1
	AR	ENST00000396044.8	TSL:1	c.2174-788C>T		intron	N/A	ENSP00000379359.3	F5GZG9
	AR	ENST00000396043.4	TSL:1	n.*869C>T		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 8 of 9	ENSP00000379358.4	A0A7I2PS51

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 22

GnomAD4 exome AF: 9.11e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1097281 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 362693

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26381

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 35202

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 19381

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 30182

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 54115

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 40528

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4133

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000119 AC: 1 AN: 841293

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 46066

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 22

Alfa AF: 0.000215 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Pathogenic

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
2	-	-	Androgen resistance syndrome (2)
2	-	-	not provided (2)
1	-	-	Androgen resistance syndrome;C1839259:Kennedy disease (1)
1	-	-	Differences in sex development (1)
1	-	-	Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.90
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.63	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.67
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.12	T
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.85	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.62	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.94	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
PhyloP100		2.5
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.85	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-5.8	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.88
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Vest4		0.88
MVP		1.0
MPC		1.4
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.2
Varity_R		0.93
gMVP		0.85
Mutation Taster		=2/98	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs137852577; hg19: chrX-66942740; COSMIC: COSV101019667;