NM_000558.5:c.104T>C

Variant names:

• chr16-176937-T-C
• rs35203445
• NM_000558.5:c.104T>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 4 ACMG points: 4P and 0B. PM1 PM2

The NM_000558.5(HBA1):​c.104T>C​(p.Leu35Pro) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. No clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar. Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. L35R) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 29)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000011 (0 hom.)
  • Failed GnomAD Quality Control
• Consequence: HBA1 NM_000558.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Not reported in ClinVar
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -3.98
• Publications: 5 publications found

Genes affected

HBA1 (HGNC:4823): (hemoglobin subunit alpha 1) The human alpha globin gene cluster located on chromosome 16 spans about 30 kb and includes seven loci: 5'- zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-1 - alpha-2 - alpha-1 - theta - 3'. The alpha-2 (HBA2) and alpha-1 (HBA1) coding sequences are identical. These genes differ slightly over the 5' untranslated regions and the introns, but they differ significantly over the 3' untranslated regions. Two alpha chains plus two beta chains constitute HbA, which in normal adult life comprises about 97% of the total hemoglobin; alpha chains combine with delta chains to constitute HbA-2, which with HbF (fetal hemoglobin) makes up the remaining 3% of adult hemoglobin. Alpha thalassemias result from deletions of each of the alpha genes as well as deletions of both HBA2 and HBA1; some nondeletion alpha thalassemias have also been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

HBA1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• HBA1-related alpha thalassemia spectrum

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• alpha thalassemia spectrum

  Inheritance: SD, AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• erythrocytosis, familial, 7

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, ClinGen
• unstable hemoglobin disease

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: ClinGen
• hemoglobin M disease

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• hemoglobin H disease

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• methemoglobinemia, alpha type

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen
• Heinz body anemia

  Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)

ENSG00000294436 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 4 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 4 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 2 benign, 12 uncertain in NM_000558.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000558.5. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	HBA1	NM_000558.5	MANE Select	c.104T>C	p.Leu35Pro	missense	Exon 2 of 3	NP_000549.1	P69905

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	HBA1	ENST00000320868.9	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.104T>C	p.Leu35Pro	missense	Exon 2 of 3	ENSP00000322421.5	P69905
	HBA1	ENST00000472694.1	TSL:1	n.240T>C		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 1 of 2
	HBA1	ENST00000487791.1	TSL:1	n.73T>C		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 2 of 2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 29

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.00000762 AC: 1 AN: 131272 AF XY: 0.0000141

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome Data not reliable, filtered out with message: AS_VQSR AF: 0.00000106 AC: 1 AN: 939048 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 13 AF XY: 0.00000208 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 481240

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Exomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 22616

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 36422

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 22148

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 34268

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.0000138 AC: 1 AN: 72494

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 38690

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3170

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 666534

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 42706

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD4 Exomes is highly skewed from 0.5 (p-value = 0), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 29

ClinVar

Not reported in ClinVar

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.82
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.27	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.14
CADD	Benign	18
DANN	Benign	0.95
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.34	T
Eigen	Benign	-1.0
Eigen_PC	Benign	-1.2
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.081	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.84	T
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.31	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.74	D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	-0.17	T
PhyloP100		-4.0
PrimateAI	Benign	0.44	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-2.7	D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.62
Sift	Uncertain	0.016	D
Sift4G	Benign	0.15	T
Vest4		0.67
MutPred		0.44		Gain of disorder (P = 0.0483)
MVP		0.96
ClinPred		0.20	T
GERP RS		-6.4
PromoterAI		-0.022	Neutral
Varity_R		0.88
gMVP		0.94

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs35203445; hg19: chr16-226936;