NM_002691.4:c.178T>C

Variant names:

• chr19-50399029-T-C
• rs1555789135
• NM_002691.4:c.178T>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -5 ACMG points: 0P and 5B. BP4_Strong BP6

The NM_002691.4(POLD1):​c.178T>C​(p.Ser60Pro) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000057 in 1,404,312 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 16/22 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. S60L) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000057 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: POLD1 NM_002691.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:2 B:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -0.745
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

POLD1 (HGNC:9175): (DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit) This gene encodes the 125-kDa catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta. DNA polymerase delta possesses both polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and plays a critical role in DNA replication and repair. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

POLD1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• POLD1-related polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp
• mandibular hypoplasia-deafness-progeroid syndrome

  Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia, Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics, Orphanet, G2P
• Polymerase proofreading-related adenomatous polyposis

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• immunodeficiency 120

  Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• non-severe combined immunodeficiency due to polymerase delta deficiency

  Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -5 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.048389554).
• BP6: Variant 19-50399029-T-C is Benign according to our data. Variant chr19-50399029-T-C is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 537084.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
POLD1	NM_002691.4	c.178T>C	p.Ser60Pro	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 27	ENST00000440232.7	NP_002682.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
POLD1	ENST00000440232.7	c.178T>C	p.Ser60Pro	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 27	1	NM_002691.4	ENSP00000406046.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000570 AC: 8 AN: 1404312 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00000721 AC XY: 5 AN XY: 693066

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 32068

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 36022

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 25202

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 36580

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 79620

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 49804

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4884

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000739 AC: 8 AN: 1081862

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 58270

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2 Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1

Jan 19, 2023

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge -

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10 Uncertain:1

Jan 22, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces serine, which is neutral and polar, with proline, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 60 of the POLD1 protein (p.Ser60Pro). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with POLD1-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 537084). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt POLD1 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Benign:1

Jun 07, 2025

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.061
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.36	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.75
CADD	Benign	2.5
DANN	Benign	0.75
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.23	T;.;.;.;T;.
Eigen	Benign	-1.6
Eigen_PC	Benign	-1.7
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.0045	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.51	.;.;T;T;T;T
M_CAP	Benign	0.0044	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.048	T;T;T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-1.0	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.34	N;.;.;.;N;.
PhyloP100		-0.74
PrimateAI	Benign	0.43	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.64	N;.;.;.;.;.
REVEL	Benign	0.027
Sift	Benign	0.26	T;.;.;.;.;.
Sift4G	Benign	0.27	T;T;T;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.0	B;.;.;.;B;.
Vest4		0.066
MVP		0.18
MPC		0.24
ClinPred		0.14	T
GERP RS		-6.6
PromoterAI		-0.0013	Neutral
Varity_R		0.037
gMVP		0.43
Mutation Taster		=95/5	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1555789135; hg19: chr19-50902286;