chr11-89227850-C-G

Variant names:

• chr11-89227850-C-G
• rs151206295
• NM_000372.5:c.1064C>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 9 ACMG points: 9P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP5_Moderate

The NM_000372.5(TYR):​c.1064C>G​(p.Ala355Gly) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000274 in 1,460,982 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. A355P) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000027 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: TYR NM_000372.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic criteria provided, single submitter P:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.26
• Publications: 5 publications found

Genes affected

TYR (HGNC:12442): (tyrosinase) The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the first 2 steps, and at least 1 subsequent step, in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. The enzyme has both tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa oxidase catalytic activities, and requires copper for function. Mutations in this gene result in oculocutaneous albinism, and nonpathologic polymorphisms result in skin pigmentation variation. The human genome contains a pseudogene similar to the 3' half of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

TYR Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• oculocutaneous albinism type 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• oculocutaneous albinism type 1A

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Laboratory for Molecular Medicine
• Waardenburg syndrome type 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• minimal pigment oculocutaneous albinism type 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• oculocutaneous albinism type 1B

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• temperature-sensitive oculocutaneous albinism type 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 9 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 3 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 9 uncertain in NM_000372.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr11-89227849-G-C is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 99528.
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 116 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 3 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: -1.9514 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: -0.85521 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Waardenburg syndrome type 2, oculocutaneous albinism type 1A, oculocutaneous albinism type 1, oculocutaneous albinism type 1B, minimal pigment oculocutaneous albinism type 1, temperature-sensitive oculocutaneous albinism type 1.
• PP5: Variant 11-89227850-C-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr11-89227850-C-G is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 1985852.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
TYR	NM_000372.5	c.1064C>G	p.Ala355Gly	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 5	ENST00000263321.6	NP_000363.1
TYR	XM_011542970.3	c.1064C>G	p.Ala355Gly	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 6		XP_011541272.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
TYR	ENST00000263321.6	c.1064C>G	p.Ala355Gly	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 5	1	NM_000372.5	ENSP00000263321.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.0000160 AC: 4 AN: 250610 AF XY: 0.0000148

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.000116

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000274 AC: 4 AN: 1460982 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000275 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 726826

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33448

American (AMR) AF: 0.0000896 AC: 4 AN: 44634

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26114

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39650

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86244

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53142

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 1111606

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60376

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ExAC AF: 0.0000165 AC: 2

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:1

Nov 11, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 355 of the TYR protein (p.Ala355Gly). This variant is present in population databases (rs151206295, gnomAD 0.01%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with TYR-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 1985852). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) has been performed for this missense variant. However, the output from this modeling did not meet the statistical confidence thresholds required to predict the impact of this variant on TYR protein function. This variant disrupts the p.Ala355 amino acid residue in TYR. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 23504663, 27734839). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.16
BayesDel_addAF	Uncertain	0.096	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.13
CADD	Uncertain	23
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.71	D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.49
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.53
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.83	T
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.22	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.68	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.53	N
PhyloP100		7.3
PrimateAI	Benign	0.47	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.97	N
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.69
Sift	Benign	0.49	T
Sift4G	Benign	0.36	T
Polyphen		0.89	P
Vest4		0.56
MutPred		0.62		Loss of stability (P = 0.0883);
MVP		1.0
MPC		0.057
ClinPred		0.88	D
GERP RS		5.1
Varity_R		0.16
gMVP		0.75
Mutation Taster		=27/73	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.050		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs151206295; hg19: chr11-88961018;