chr3-122257115-A-C

Position:

chr3-122257115-A-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 5 ACMG points: 5P and 0B. PM1PP2PP3_Moderate

The NM_000388.4(CASR):c.220A>C(p.Met74Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000062 in 1,613,974 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. M74V) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000020 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000048 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

CASR
NM_000388.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:7

Conservation

PhyloP100: 9.32

Variant links:

Genes affected

CASR (HGNC:1514): (calcium sensing receptor) The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma membrane G protein-coupled receptor that senses small changes in circulating calcium concentration. The encoded protein couples this information to intracellular signaling pathways that modify parathyroid hormone secretion or renal cation handling, and thus this protein plays an essential role in maintaining mineral ion homeostasis. Mutations in this gene are a cause of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism, and autosomal dominant hypocalcemia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

CASR links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 5 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 3 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 12 uncertain in NM_000388.4

PP2

Missense variant in gene, where missense usually causes diseases (based on misZ statistic), CASR. . Gene score misZ 3.1237 (greater than the threshold 3.09). Trascript score misZ 4.8257 (greater than threshold 3.09). GenCC has associacion of gene with epilepsy, autosomal dominant hypocalcemia, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 1, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 8, neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism, autosomal dominant hypocalcemia 1.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.911

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
CASR	NM_000388.4 linkuse as main transcript	c.220A>C	p.Met74Leu	missense_variant	3/7	ENST00000639785.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
CASR	ENST00000639785.2 linkuse as main transcript	c.220A>C	p.Met74Leu	missense_variant	3/7	1	NM_000388.4	P1	P41180-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152122

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000242

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000119

AC:

AN:

251342

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000221

AC XY:

AN XY:

135826

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000264

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000479

AC:

AN:

1461852

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000550

AC XY:

AN XY:

727230

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000630

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152122

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000269

AC XY:

AN XY:

74308

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.0000242

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000254

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000113

ExAC

AF:

0.00000824

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:7

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	May 13, 2022	Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Identified in an individual with slightly elevated serum calcium levels (Dershem et al., 2020); Published functional studies demonstrate reduced protein expression and plasma membrane localization/signaling (Dershem et al., 2020); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: Antony_2021_Abstract, 32386559) -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Athena Diagnostics	Sep 27, 2017	- -

not specified

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Oct 17, 2023

Variant summary: CASR c.220A>C (p.Met74Leu) results in a conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 1.2e-05 in 251342 control chromosomes (gnomAD). The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.220A>C has been reported in the literature in an individual with mildly increased serum calcium levels (Dershem_2020). These data do not allow any conclusion about variant significance. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function (Dershem_2020), finding reduced expression of the mature protein and reduced plasma membrane localization. The following publication has been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 32386559). Five submitters have cited clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014. All submitters classified the variant as uncertain significance. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Feb 07, 2024

The p.M74L variant (also known as c.220A>C), located in coding exon 2 of the CASR gene, results from an A to C substitution at nucleotide position 220. The methionine at codon 74 is replaced by leucine, an amino acid with highly similar properties. This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, the in silico prediction for this alteration is inconclusive. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

CASR-related disorder

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Aug 15, 2023

The CASR c.220A>C variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Met74Leu. This variant was reported in an individual with elevated serum calcium levels, and in vitro experimental studies suggested this variant impacts protein function (Dershem et al 2020. PubMed ID: 32386559). This variant is reported in 0.0026% of alleles in individuals of European (non-Finnish) descent in gnomAD (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-121975962-A-C). An alternative nucleotide change affected the same amino acid (p.Met74Val) has been reported in individuals with hypercalcemia (Vargas-Poussou et al. 2016. PubMed ID: 26963950; Mouly et al. 2020. PubMed ID: 32347971 ). At this time, the clinical significance of this variant is uncertain due to the absence of conclusive functional and genetic evidence. -

Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia 1;C1809471:Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Dec 10, 2023

This sequence change replaces methionine, which is neutral and non-polar, with leucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 74 of the CASR protein (p.Met74Leu). This variant is present in population databases (rs745377913, gnomAD 0.002%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with CASR-related disease (Invitae). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 463920). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects CASR function (PMID: 32386559). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia 1;C0342637:Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 1;C1832615:Neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism;C2752062:Epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 8

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Apr 23, 2022

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.59

BayesDel_addAF

Uncertain

0.045

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.16

CADD

Uncertain

DANN

Benign

0.97

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.73

D;D;.;.

Eigen

Uncertain

0.61

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.58

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Benign

0.85

.;T;T;T

M_CAP

Benign

0.036

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.91

D;D;D;D

MetaSVM

Benign

-1.0

MutationAssessor

Uncertain

2.1

M;M;M;.

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

D;D;D

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.75

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-2.5

.;.;D;D

REVEL

Uncertain

0.30

Sift

Uncertain

0.026

.;.;D;D

Sift4G

Benign

0.099

.;.;T;T

Polyphen

0.96

D;D;.;.

Vest4

0.80, 0.78

MutPred

0.86

Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.1279);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.1279);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.1279);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.1279);

MVP

0.60

MPC

1.5

ClinPred

0.82

GERP RS

5.8

Varity_R

0.74

gMVP

0.96

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over