GNG12
protein-codingG protein subunit gamma 12, the group of G protein subunits gamma
Gene summary
Enables PDZ domain binding activity. Predicted to be involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
MANE transcript
Inheritance
ClinVar variants
Top phenotype
gnomAD constraint
Max pathogenic AF
Genomic locus
External References & Databases
Transcript & Mutation Effects
hg38 • Region Span ~132.0 kbGenCC Phenotypes & Disease Associations
Curated gene-disease validity assertions and inheritance patterns
No GenCC data available for this gene.
ClinVar Associated Diseases & Phenotypes
Reported disease conditions connected to GNG12 variants in ClinVar
ClinVar Variants & Pathogenicity by Type
Statistics based on transcript NM_018841.6. Only rare variants are included.
We include only reliable ClinVar variants with their consequences to MANE Select, MANE Plus Clinical transcripts, or transcripts with TSL equal to 1. Click a count to filter the variants table below.
Slight differences between displayed counts and ClinVar may occur due to a different transcript/consequence chosen by our variant effect predictor, or because we classify Benign/Likely benign as Likely benign and Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic as Likely pathogenic.
| Effect | PathogenicP | Likely pathogenicLP | VUS | Likely benignLB | BenignB | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| synonymous | 0 | |||||
| missense | 3 | 3 | ||||
| nonsense | 0 | |||||
| start loss | 0 | |||||
| frameshift | 0 | |||||
| splice donor/acceptor (+/-2bp) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Total | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Transcript Catalog
Annotated transcript isoforms across RefSeq and Ensembl databases
| Transcript ID | Source | Protein ID | Coding Exons | MANE Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RefSeq | NP_061329.3 | 2 | MANE Select | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000360021.3 | 2 | MANE Select | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000527698.1 | 2 | Standard | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000527698.1 | 2 | Standard |
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations & Pathways
Biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways
Pathways ConsensusPathDB
- PI3K-Akt signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human)
- Relaxin signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human)
- Kaposi,s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection - Homo sapiens (human)
- Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling - Homo sapiens (human)
- GABAergic synapse - Homo sapiens (human)
Biological Process
- signal transduction
- G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
- cerebral cortex development
- response to lipopolysaccharide
Molecular Function
- GTPase activity
- protein binding
- PDZ domain binding
- phosphate ion binding
Cellular Component
- heterotrimeric G-protein complex
- actin filament
- plasma membrane
- extracellular exosome
gnomAD Constraint
Source:
- Gene type
- protein_coding
- Transcript type
- protein_coding
- Transcript
- ENST00000370982
- Coding exons
- 2
- Length
- 132002
- Individuals with no LoFs
- 0
- Homozygous LoFs
- 0
- Heterozygous LoFs
- 0
- Defined
- 0
- p
- 0.00
| Z-Score | Observed | Expected | Observed/Expected | Mutation Rate | Total Possible | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missense | 0.674 | 26 | 37.6 | 0.691 | 0.00000174 | 465 |
| Missense (PolyPhen) | 8 | 14.704 | 0.54406 | 203 | ||
| Synonymous | -0.220 | 15 | 14.0 | 1.07 | 7.48e-7 | 133 |
| Loss of Function | 1.54 | 0 | 2.77 | 0.00 | 1.15e-7 | 40 |
Population LoF Frequency
| Population | CAF | p-value | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| African | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| Latino/Admixed American | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| Ashkenazi Jewish | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| East Asian | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| Finnish | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| European (Non-Finnish) | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| South Asian | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| Other | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
dbNSFP Gene Annotations
Source:
- Function
- FUNCTION: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein- effector interaction.;
Recessive Scores
- pRec
- 0.149
Intolerance Scores
- RVIS EVS
- -0.01
- RVIS percentile EVS
- 52.85
Essentials
- Essential (CRISPR)
- N
- Essential (CRISPR2)
- S
- Essential (gene trap)
- N
- Indispensability pred.
- N
- Indispensability score
- 0.231
Gene Damage Prediction
| All | Recessive | Dominant | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mendelian | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Primary Immunodeficiency | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Cancer | Medium | Medium | Medium |