CYP46A1
protein-codingcytochrome P450 family 46 subfamily A member 1, the group of Cytochrome P450 family 46
Gene summary
This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This endoplasmic reticulum protein is expressed in the brain, where it converts cholesterol to 24S-hydroxycholesterol. While cholesterol cannot pass the blood-brain barrier, 24S-hydroxycholesterol can be secreted in the brain into the circulation to be returned to the liver for catabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
- CYP46
MANE transcript
Inheritance
ClinVar variants
Top phenotype
gnomAD constraint
Max pathogenic AF
Genomic locus
External References & Databases
Transcript & Mutation Effects
hg38 • Region Span ~43.0 kbGenCC Phenotypes & Disease Associations
Curated gene-disease validity assertions and inheritance patterns
No GenCC data available for this gene.
ClinVar Associated Diseases & Phenotypes
Reported disease conditions connected to CYP46A1 variants in ClinVar
ClinVar Variants & Pathogenicity by Type
Statistics based on transcript NM_006668.2. Only rare variants are included.
We include only reliable ClinVar variants with their consequences to MANE Select, MANE Plus Clinical transcripts, or transcripts with TSL equal to 1. Click a count to filter the variants table below.
Slight differences between displayed counts and ClinVar may occur due to a different transcript/consequence chosen by our variant effect predictor, or because we classify Benign/Likely benign as Likely benign and Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic as Likely pathogenic.
| Effect | PathogenicP | Likely pathogenicLP | VUS | Likely benignLB | BenignB | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| synonymous | 0 | |||||
| missense | 32 | 3 | 35 | |||
| nonsense | 0 | |||||
| start loss | 0 | |||||
| frameshift | 0 | |||||
| splice donor/acceptor (+/-2bp) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Total | 0 | 0 | 33 | 3 | 0 | 36 |
Transcript Catalog
Annotated transcript isoforms across RefSeq and Ensembl databases
| Transcript ID | Source | Protein ID | Coding Exons | MANE Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RefSeq | NP_006659.1 | 15 | MANE Select | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000261835.3 | 15 | MANE Select | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000369577.3 | 12 | Standard | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000369577.3 | 12 | Standard |
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations & Pathways
Biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways
Pathways ConsensusPathDB
- Primary bile acid biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human)
- 27-Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Bile Acid Biosynthesis
- Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type II
- Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX)
Biological Process
- bile acid biosynthetic process
- cholesterol catabolic process
- xenobiotic metabolic process
- nervous system development
- sterol metabolic process
Molecular Function
- iron ion binding
- steroid hydroxylase activity
- heme binding
- cholesterol 24-hydroxylase activity
Cellular Component
- endoplasmic reticulum
- endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- integral component of membrane
- organelle membrane
gnomAD Constraint
Source:
- Gene type
- protein_coding
- Transcript type
- protein_coding
- Transcript
- ENST00000261835
- Coding exons
- 15
- Length
- 42998
- Individuals with no LoFs
- 125740
- Homozygous LoFs
- 0
- Heterozygous LoFs
- 8
- Defined
- 125748
- p
- 0.0000318
| Z-Score | Observed | Expected | Observed/Expected | Mutation Rate | Total Possible | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missense | 2.97 | 156 | 301 | 0.519 | 0.0000189 | 3233 |
| Missense (PolyPhen) | 29 | 106.89 | 0.2713 | 1094 | ||
| Synonymous | -0.733 | 134 | 124 | 1.08 | 0.00000791 | 1015 |
| Loss of Function | 4.19 | 3 | 26.1 | 0.115 | 0.00000111 | 313 |
Population LoF Frequency
| Population | CAF | p-value | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| African | 0.000062 | 0.000062 | rare |
| Latino/Admixed American | 0.000058 | 0.000058 | rare |
| Ashkenazi Jewish | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| East Asian | 0.000054 | 0.000054 | rare |
| Finnish | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| European (Non-Finnish) | 0.000035 | 0.000035 | rare |
| South Asian | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| Other | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
dbNSFP Gene Annotations
Source:
- Function
- FUNCTION: Involved in the turnover of cholesterol. It converts cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol and, to a lesser extent, 25-hydroxycholesterol. Has also activity with xenobiotic compounds, such as clotrimazole. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18621681, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20667828}.;
Recessive Scores
- pRec
- 0.351
Intolerance Scores
- LoFtool
- 0.259
- RVIS EVS
- -0.32
- RVIS percentile EVS
- 31.46
Essentials
- Essential (CRISPR)
- N
- Essential (CRISPR2)
- N
- Essential (gene trap)
- N
- Indispensability pred.
- N
- Indispensability score
- 0.307
Gene Damage Prediction
| All | Recessive | Dominant | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mendelian | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Primary Immunodeficiency | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Cancer | Medium | Medium | Medium |