ERCC2

Highest pathogenic variant AF is 0.0004461138

Gene type

protein_coding

Transcript type

protein_coding

Transcript

ENST00000391945

Coding exons

23

Length

21082

Individuals with no LoFs

125582

Homozygous LoFs

0

Heterozygous LoFs

166

Defined

125748

p

0.000660

Function

FUNCTION: ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase, component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. The ATP-dependent helicase activity of XPD/ERCC2 is required for DNA opening. In transcription, TFIIH has an essential role in transcription initiation. When the pre- initiation complex (PIC) has been established, TFIIH is required for promoter opening and promoter escape. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II by the kinase module CAK controls the initiation of transcription. XPD/ERCC2 acts by forming a bridge between CAK and the core-TFIIH complex. Involved in the regulation of vitamin-D receptor activity. As part of the mitotic spindle-associated MMXD complex it plays a role in chromosome segregation. Might have a role in aging process and could play a causative role in the generation of skin cancers. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10024882, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15494306, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20797633, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8413672}.;

Disease

DISEASE: Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XP-D) [MIM:278730]: An autosomal recessive pigmentary skin disorder characterized by solar hypersensitivity of the skin, high predisposition for developing cancers on areas exposed to sunlight and, in some cases, neurological abnormalities. The skin develops marked freckling and other pigmentation abnormalities. Some XP-D patients present features of Cockayne syndrome, including cachectic dwarfism, pigmentary retinopathy, ataxia, decreased nerve conduction velocities. The phenotype combining xeroderma pigmentosum and Cockayne syndrome traits is referred to as XP-CS complex. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10447254, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11709541, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15494306, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7585650, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7825573, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7849702, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9101292}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Trichothiodystrophy 1, photosensitive (TTD1) [MIM:601675]: A form of trichothiodystrophy, an autosomal recessive disease characterized by sulfur-deficient brittle hair and multisystem variable abnormalities. The spectrum of clinical features varies from mild disease with only hair involvement to severe disease with cutaneous, neurologic and profound developmental defects. Ichthyosis, intellectual and developmental disabilities, decreased fertility, abnormal characteristics at birth, ocular abnormalities, short stature, and infections are common manifestations. There are both photosensitive and non- photosensitive forms of the disorder. TTD1 patients manifest cutaneous photosensitivity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11242112, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7920640, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8571952, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9195225, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9238033, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9758621}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome 2 (COFS2) [MIM:610756]: A disorder of prenatal onset characterized by microcephaly, congenital cataracts, facial dysmorphism, neurogenic arthrogryposis, growth failure and severe psychomotor retardation. COFS is considered to be part of the nucleotide-excision repair disorders spectrum that include also xeroderma pigmentosum, trichothiodystrophy and Cockayne syndrome. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11443545}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.;