GAPDH
protein-codingglyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Gene summary
This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The product of this gene catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The encoded protein has additionally been identified to have uracil DNA glycosylase activity in the nucleus. Also, this protein contains a peptide that has antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Studies of a similar protein in mouse have assigned a variety of additional functions including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, the regulation of mRNA stability, and acting as a transferrin receptor on the cell surface of macrophage. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are present in the human genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]
- GAPD
MANE transcript
Inheritance
ClinVar variants
Top phenotype
gnomAD constraint
Max pathogenic AF
Genomic locus
External References & Databases
Transcript & Mutation Effects
hg38 • Region Span ~3.9 kbGenCC Phenotypes & Disease Associations
Curated gene-disease validity assertions and inheritance patterns
No GenCC data available for this gene.
ClinVar Associated Diseases & Phenotypes
Reported disease conditions connected to GAPDH variants in ClinVar
ClinVar Variants & Pathogenicity by Type
Statistics based on transcript NM_002046.7. Only rare variants are included.
We include only reliable ClinVar variants with their consequences to MANE Select, MANE Plus Clinical transcripts, or transcripts with TSL equal to 1. Click a count to filter the variants table below.
Slight differences between displayed counts and ClinVar may occur due to a different transcript/consequence chosen by our variant effect predictor, or because we classify Benign/Likely benign as Likely benign and Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic as Likely pathogenic.
| Effect | PathogenicP | Likely pathogenicLP | VUS | Likely benignLB | BenignB | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| synonymous | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
| missense | 17 | 17 | ||||
| nonsense | 0 | |||||
| start loss | 0 | |||||
| frameshift | 0 | |||||
| splice donor/acceptor (+/-2bp) | 10 | 10 | ||||
| Total | 0 | 0 | 28 | 1 | 0 | 29 |
Transcript Catalog
Annotated transcript isoforms across RefSeq and Ensembl databases
| Transcript ID | Source | Protein ID | Coding Exons | MANE Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RefSeq | NP_002037.2 | 8 | MANE Select | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000229239.5 | 8 | MANE Select | |
| RefSeq | NP_001243728.1 | 7 | Standard | |
| RefSeq | NP_001276674.1 | 8 | Standard |
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations & Pathways
Biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways
Pathways ConsensusPathDB
- Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis - Homo sapiens (human)
- HIF-1 signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human)
- Alzheimer,s disease - Homo sapiens (human)
- Warburg Effect
- Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain
Biological Process
- microtubule cytoskeleton organization
- gluconeogenesis
- glycolytic process
- negative regulation of endopeptidase activity
- regulation of macroautophagy
Molecular Function
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity
- protein binding
- microtubule binding
- aspartic-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
- peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase activity
Cellular Component
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- lipid droplet
- cytosol
- plasma membrane
gnomAD Constraint
Source:
- Gene type
- protein_coding
- Transcript type
- protein_coding
- Transcript
- ENST00000229239
- Coding exons
- 8
- Length
- 4445
- Individuals with no LoFs
- 125721
- Homozygous LoFs
- 0
- Heterozygous LoFs
- 27
- Defined
- 125748
- p
- 0.000107
| Z-Score | Observed | Expected | Observed/Expected | Mutation Rate | Total Possible | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missense | 1.81 | 130 | 203 | 0.642 | 0.0000112 | 2215 |
| Missense (PolyPhen) | 19 | 30.567 | 0.62159 | 454 | ||
| Synonymous | -3.60 | 120 | 79.3 | 1.51 | 0.00000483 | 661 |
| Loss of Function | 2.43 | 4 | 13.7 | 0.292 | 6.71e-7 | 163 |
Population LoF Frequency
| Population | CAF | p-value | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| African | 0.00031 | 0.00031 | rare |
| Latino/Admixed American | 0.00012 | 0.00012 | rare |
| Ashkenazi Jewish | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| East Asian | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| Finnish | 0.000046 | 0.000046 | rare |
| European (Non-Finnish) | 0.000088 | 0.000088 | rare |
| South Asian | 0.00023 | 0.00023 | rare |
| Other | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
dbNSFP Gene Annotations
Source:
- Function
- FUNCTION: Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubules (By similarity). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D- glyceroyl phosphate. Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon- activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes. Upon interferon-gamma treatment assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11724794, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23071094, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3170585}.;
Recessive Scores
- pRec
- 0.991
Intolerance Scores
- LoFtool
- 0.617
- RVIS EVS
- -0.4
- RVIS percentile EVS
- 26.53
Essentials
- Essential (CRISPR)
- E
- Essential (CRISPR2)
- S
- Essential (gene trap)
- E
- Indispensability pred.
- E
- Indispensability score
- 0.999
Gene Damage Prediction
| All | Recessive | Dominant | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mendelian | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Primary Immunodeficiency | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Cancer | Medium | Medium | Medium |