HIPK2
protein-codinghomeodomain interacting protein kinase 2
Gene summary
This gene encodes a conserved serine/threonine kinase that is a member of the homeodomain-interacting protein kinase family. The encoded protein interacts with homeodomain transcription factors and many other transcription factors such as p53, and can function as both a corepressor and a coactivator depending on the transcription factor and its subcellular localization. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]
MANE transcript
Inheritance
ClinVar variants
Top phenotype
gnomAD constraint
Max pathogenic AF
Genomic locus
External References & Databases
Transcript & Mutation Effects
hg38 • Region Span ~216.4 kbGenCC Phenotypes & Disease Associations
Curated gene-disease validity assertions and inheritance patterns
No GenCC data available for this gene.
ClinVar Associated Diseases & Phenotypes
Reported disease conditions connected to HIPK2 variants in ClinVar
ClinVar Variants & Pathogenicity by Type
Statistics based on transcript NM_022740.5. Only rare variants are included.
We include only reliable ClinVar variants with their consequences to MANE Select, MANE Plus Clinical transcripts, or transcripts with TSL equal to 1. Click a count to filter the variants table below.
Slight differences between displayed counts and ClinVar may occur due to a different transcript/consequence chosen by our variant effect predictor, or because we classify Benign/Likely benign as Likely benign and Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic as Likely pathogenic.
| Effect | PathogenicP | Likely pathogenicLP | VUS | Likely benignLB | BenignB | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| synonymous | 4 | 7 | 11 | |||
| missense | 37 | 37 | ||||
| nonsense | 2 | 2 | ||||
| start loss | 0 | |||||
| frameshift | 1 | 1 | ||||
| splice donor/acceptor (+/-2bp) | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Total | 0 | 0 | 46 | 7 | 0 | 53 |
Transcript Catalog
Annotated transcript isoforms across RefSeq and Ensembl databases
| Transcript ID | Source | Protein ID | Coding Exons | MANE Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RefSeq | NP_073577.3 | 15 | MANE Select | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000385571.3 | 15 | MANE Select | |
| RefSeq | NP_001106710.1 | 15 | Standard | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000343108.7 | 11 | Standard |
Model Organisms & Knockout Phenotypes
Observed phenotypic effects in mouse and zebrafish models
| Gene / Model | Organism | Observed Phenotype |
|---|---|---|
| hipk2 | Danio rerio | Structure: melanocyte Quality: decreased amount abnormal |
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations & Pathways
Biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways
Pathways ConsensusPathDB
- Cellular senescence - Homo sapiens (human)
- TGF-Ncore
- miR-222 in Exercise-Induced Cardiac Growth
- Gene expression (Transcription)
- RUNX1 interacts with co-factors whose precise effect on RUNX1 targets is not known
Biological Process
- negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
- eye development
- protein phosphorylation
- DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
- transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
Molecular Function
- RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding
- transcription coactivator activity
- transcription corepressor activity
- protein kinase activity
- protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Cellular Component
- nucleus
- nucleoplasm
- cytoplasm
- nuclear body
- PML body
gnomAD Constraint
Source:
- Gene type
- protein_coding
- Transcript type
- protein_coding
- Transcript
- ENST00000406875
- Coding exons
- 15
- Length
- 231262
- Individuals with no LoFs
- 124987
- Homozygous LoFs
- 0
- Heterozygous LoFs
- 8
- Defined
- 124995
- p
- 0.0000320
| Z-Score | Observed | Expected | Observed/Expected | Mutation Rate | Total Possible | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missense | 2.86 | 509 | 726 | 0.701 | 0.0000448 | 7780 |
| Missense (PolyPhen) | 127 | 231.31 | 0.54905 | 2632 | ||
| Synonymous | 0.822 | 294 | 313 | 0.941 | 0.0000225 | 2419 |
| Loss of Function | 6.14 | 3 | 49.7 | 0.0603 | 0.00000262 | 550 |
Population LoF Frequency
| Population | CAF | p-value | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| African | 0.00013 | 0.00013 | rare |
| Latino/Admixed American | 0.000029 | 0.000029 | rare |
| Ashkenazi Jewish | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| East Asian | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| Finnish | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| European (Non-Finnish) | 0.000045 | 0.000044 | rare |
| South Asian | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| Other | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
dbNSFP Gene Annotations
Source:
- Function
- FUNCTION: Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in transcription regulation, p53/TP53-mediated cellular apoptosis and regulation of the cell cycle. Acts as a corepressor of several transcription factors, including SMAD1 and POU4F1/Brn3a and probably NK homeodomain transcription factors. Phosphorylates PDX1, ATF1, PML, p53/TP53, CREB1, CTBP1, CBX4, RUNX1, EP300, CTNNB1, HMGA1 and ZBTB4. Inhibits cell growth and promotes apoptosis through the activation of p53/TP53 both at the transcription level and at the protein level (by phosphorylation and indirect acetylation). The phosphorylation of p53/TP53 may be mediated by a p53/TP53-HIPK2-AXIN1 complex. Involved in the response to hypoxia by acting as a transcriptional co-suppressor of HIF1A. Mediates transcriptional activation of TP73. In response to TGFB, cooperates with DAXX to activate JNK. Negative regulator through phosphorylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation of CTNNB1 and the antiapoptotic factor CTBP1. In the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway acts as an intermediate kinase between MAP3K7/TAK1 and NLK to promote the proteasomal degradation of MYB. Phosphorylates CBX4 upon DNA damage and promotes its E3 SUMO- protein ligase activity. Activates CREB1 and ATF1 transcription factors by phosphorylation in response to genotoxic stress. In response to DNA damage, stabilizes PML by phosphorylation. PML, HIPK2 and FBXO3 may act synergically to activate p53/TP53- dependent transactivation. Promotes angiogenesis, and is involved in erythroid differentiation, especially during fetal liver erythropoiesis. Phosphorylation of RUNX1 and EP300 stimulates EP300 transcription regulation activity. Triggers ZBTB4 protein degradation in response to DNA damage. Modulates HMGA1 DNA-binding affinity. In response to high glucose, triggers phosphorylation- mediated subnuclear localization shifting of PDX1. Involved in the regulation of eye size, lens formation and retinal lamination during late embryogenesis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11740489, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11925430, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12851404, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12874272, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14678985, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17018294, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17960875, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18695000, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18809579, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19015637, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19046997, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19448668, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20307497, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20573984, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20637728, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20980392, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21192925, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22825850}.;
Recessive Scores
- pRec
- 0.233
Essentials
- Essential (CRISPR2)
- N
- Essential (gene trap)
- N
- Indispensability pred.
- E
- Indispensability score
- 0.985
Gene Damage Prediction
| All | Recessive | Dominant | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mendelian | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Primary Immunodeficiency | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Cancer | Medium | Medium | Medium |