HOXD13

protein-coding

homeobox D13, the group of HOXL subclass homeoboxes

Gene summary

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located in a cluster on chromosome 2. Deletions that remove the entire HOXD gene cluster or the 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. Mutations in this particular gene cause synpolydactyly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Previous symbols:
  • HOX4I
  • SPD

MANE transcript

NM_000523.4

Inheritance

AD, AR

ClinVar variants

P:30U:97B:28

Top phenotype

Brachydactyly-syndactyly syndrome; Brachydactyly, type D; Brachydactyly, type E1; Syndactyly, type V; Synopolydactyly, type I, Synopolydactyly, type II; Synopolydactyly with clefting, autosomal recessive

gnomAD constraint

pLI —, LoF o/e 0.45

Max pathogenic AF

—

Genomic locus

chr2:176,092,721-176,095,944

External References & Databases

Transcript & Mutation Effects

hg38 • Region Span ~3.2 kb
Loading mutation effect viewer...

GenCC Phenotypes & Disease Associations

Curated gene-disease validity assertions and inheritance patterns

synpolydactyly type 1SUPPORTIVE

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0008513

Submitter: Orphanet

synpolydactyly type 1STRONG

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0008513

Submitter: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)

synpolydactyly type 1STRONG

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0008513

Submitter: PanelApp Australia

brachydactyly-syndactyly syndromeSUPPORTIVE

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0012544

Submitter: Orphanet

brachydactyly-syndactyly syndromeDEFINITIVE

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0012544

Submitter: G2P

syndactyly type 5STRONG

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0008516

Submitter: PanelApp Australia

brachydactyly-syndactyly syndromeSTRONG

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0012544

Submitter: Laboratory for Molecular Medicine

This gene-disease relationship has undergone rapid assessment. Classifications are based on preliminary review of gene-disease validity during analysis of genomic sequencing results.

syndactyly type 5SUPPORTIVE

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0008516

Submitter: Orphanet

brachydactyly type DSTRONG

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0007222

Submitter: PanelApp Australia

brachydactyly type E1STRONG

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0007223

Submitter: PanelApp Australia

brachydactyly type ESUPPORTIVE

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0019677

Submitter: Orphanet

Clinical Genomic Database (CGD)

Brachydactyly-syndactyly syndrome; Brachydactyly, type D; Brachydactyly, type E1; Syndactyly, type V; Synopolydactyly, type I, Synopolydactyly, type II; Synopolydactyly with clefting, autosomal recessiveAD/AR

Manifestation: Craniofacial; Musculoskeletal

Intervention: Renal

Rationale: Genetic knowledge may be beneficial related to issues such as selection of optimal supportive care, informed medical decision-making, prognostic considerations, and avoidance of unnecessary testing

Comments: The condition has also been implicated in VACTERL association (AD), but the pathogenesis is unclear

Refs: 7666393; 8817328; 8614804; 8933344; 9758628; 11778160; 12116248; 12649808; 12900906; 16222680; 17236141; 19006232; 18177473; 19060004; 20974300; 21814222; 22233338; 22373878; 22374128; 22406499; 22473151Source: CGD (NHGRI)

ClinVar Associated Diseases & Phenotypes

Reported disease conditions connected to HOXD13 variants in ClinVar

24 Conditions Cataloged
not providedTotal: 110
Inborn genetic diseasesTotal: 58
Synpolydactyly type 1Total: 30
HOXD13-related disorderTotal: 23
Syndactyly type 5Total: 18
not specifiedTotal: 17
Brachydactyly type DTotal: 16
Brachydactyly-syndactyly syndromeTotal: 15

ClinVar Variants & Pathogenicity by Type

Statistics based on transcript NM_000523.4. Only rare variants are included.

We include only reliable ClinVar variants with their consequences to MANE Select, MANE Plus Clinical transcripts, or transcripts with TSL equal to 1. Click a count to filter the variants table below.

Slight differences between displayed counts and ClinVar may occur due to a different transcript/consequence chosen by our variant effect predictor, or because we classify Benign/Likely benign as Likely benign and Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic as Likely pathogenic.

EffectPLPVUSLBBSum
synonymous
1
clinvar
20
clinvar
2
clinvar
23
missense
6
clinvar
4
clinvar
95
clinvar
6
clinvar
111
nonsense
3
clinvar
3
clinvar
1
clinvar
7
start loss
0
frameshift
10
clinvar
2
clinvar
12
splice donor/acceptor (+/-2bp)
2
clinvar
2
Total21997262155

Highest pathogenic variant AF is 0.000055324377

Loading ClinVar variants...

Transcript Catalog

Annotated transcript isoforms across RefSeq and Ensembl databases

Showing 4 of 5 transcripts
Transcript IDSourceProtein IDCoding ExonsMANE Status
NM_000523.4RefSeqNP_000514.22MANE Select
ENST00000392539.4EnsemblENSP00000376322.32MANE Select
ENST00001144981.1EnsemblENSP00000811539.12Standard
XM_011511068.3RefSeqXP_011509370.12Standard

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations & Pathways

Biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways

Biological Process

  • skeletal system development
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • transcription by RNA polymerase II
  • multicellular organism development
  • anterior/posterior pattern specification

Molecular Function

  • RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
  • DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
  • enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
  • DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
  • DNA binding

Cellular Component

  • nucleus

gnomAD Constraint

Source: gnomAD

Gene type
protein_coding
Transcript type
protein_coding
Transcript
ENST00000392539
Coding exons
2
Length
3048
Individuals with no LoFs
125717
Homozygous LoFs
0
Heterozygous LoFs
30
Defined
125747
p
0.000119
Z-ScoreObservedExpectedObserved/ExpectedMutation RateTotal Possible
Missense0.04201591610.9910.000007512148
Missense (PolyPhen)3242.2360.75765521
Synonymous-0.9618069.81.150.00000354738
Loss of Function1.69511.00.4534.87e-7124

Population LoF Frequency

PopulationCAFp-valueStatus
African0.0000710.000062rare
Latino/Admixed American00.0absent
Ashkenazi Jewish00.0absent
East Asian0.000110.00011rare
Finnish0.000700.00069rare
European (Non-Finnish)0.0000910.000079rare
South Asian0.0000330.000033rare
Other0.000330.00033rare

dbNSFP Gene Annotations

Source: dbNSFP

Function
FUNCTION: Sequence-specific transcription factor that binds gene promoters and activates their transcription (PubMed:24789103). Part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P24344, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24789103}.;
Disease
DISEASE: Synpolydactyly 1 (SPD1) [MIM:186000]: Limb malformation that shows a characteristic manifestation in both hands and feet. This condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with reduced penetrance. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12414828, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16222680, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24789103, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26581570, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8817328}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Brachydactyly D (BDD) [MIM:113200]: A form of brachydactyly. Brachydactyly defines a group of inherited malformations characterized by shortening of the digits due to abnormal development of the phalanges and/or the metacarpals. Brachydactyly type D is characterized by short and broad terminal phalanges of the thumbs and big toes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12649808}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Syndactyly 5 (SDTY5) [MIM:186300]: A form of syndactyly, a congenital anomaly of the hand or foot marked by persistence of the webbing between adjacent digits that are more or less completely attached. The characteristic finding in SDTY5 is the presence of an associated metacarpal and metatarsal fusion. The metacarpals and metatarsals most commonly fused are the 4th and 5th or the 3rd and 4th. Soft tissue syndactyly usually affects the 3rd and 4th fingers and the 2nd and 3rd toes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17236141}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Brachydactyly-syndactyly syndrome (BDSD) [MIM:610713]: A disease characterized by generalized shortening of the hands and feet, broad and short distal phalanges of the thumbs, and cutaneous syndactyly of toes 2 and 3. The limb phenotypes observed in this syndrome overlap those of brachydactyly types A4, D, E and syndactyly type 1. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17236141}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Brachydactyly E1 (BDE1) [MIM:113300]: A form of brachydactyly. Brachydactyly defines a group of inherited malformations characterized by shortening of the digits due to abnormal development of the phalanges and/or the metacarpals. Brachydactyly type E is characterized by shortening of the fingers mainly in the metacarpals and metatarsals. Wide variability in the number of digits affected occurs from person to person, even in the same family. Some individuals are moderately short of stature. Brachydactyly type E1 is characterized by shortening limited to fourth metacarpals and/or metatarsals. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12649808, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24789103}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: VACTERL association (VACTERL) [MIM:192350]: VACTERL is an acronym for vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, congenital cardiac disease, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, radial dysplasia, and other limb defects. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19006232}. Note=The gene represented in this entry may be involved in disease pathogenesis.; DISEASE: Brachydactyly-syndactyly-oligodactyly syndrome (BDSDO) [MIM:610713]: A syndrome characterized by a complex brachydactyly- syndactyly-oligodactyly phenotype. Limb anomalies include reduced number of digits that are severely shortened, camptodactyly, syndactyly, absence of terminal phalanges of the thumbs, and absence of nails of the thumbs and toes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23995701}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.;

Recessive Scores

pRec
0.409

Intolerance Scores

LoFtool
0.163
RVIS EVS
-0.1
RVIS percentile EVS
46.49

Essentials

Essential (CRISPR)
N
Essential (CRISPR2)
S
Essential (gene trap)
N
Indispensability pred.
E
Indispensability score
0.880

Gene Damage Prediction

AllRecessiveDominant
MendelianMediumMediumMedium
Primary ImmunodeficiencyMediumMediumMedium
CancerMediumMediumMedium
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