HOXD13
protein-codinghomeobox D13, the group of HOXL subclass homeoboxes
Gene summary
This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located in a cluster on chromosome 2. Deletions that remove the entire HOXD gene cluster or the 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. Mutations in this particular gene cause synpolydactyly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
- HOX4I
- SPD
MANE transcript
Inheritance
ClinVar variants
Top phenotype
gnomAD constraint
Max pathogenic AF
Genomic locus
External References & Databases
Transcript & Mutation Effects
hg38 • Region Span ~3.2 kbGenCC Phenotypes & Disease Associations
Curated gene-disease validity assertions and inheritance patterns
Inheritance Pattern: AD
Disease ID:MONDO:0008513
Submitter: Orphanet
Inheritance Pattern: AD
Disease ID:MONDO:0008513
Submitter: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
Inheritance Pattern: AD
Disease ID:MONDO:0008513
Submitter: PanelApp Australia
Inheritance Pattern: AD
Disease ID:MONDO:0012544
Submitter: Orphanet
Inheritance Pattern: AD
Disease ID:MONDO:0012544
Submitter: G2P
Inheritance Pattern: AD
Disease ID:MONDO:0008516
Submitter: PanelApp Australia
Inheritance Pattern: AD
Disease ID:MONDO:0012544
Submitter: Laboratory for Molecular Medicine
This gene-disease relationship has undergone rapid assessment. Classifications are based on preliminary review of gene-disease validity during analysis of genomic sequencing results.
Inheritance Pattern: AD
Disease ID:MONDO:0008516
Submitter: Orphanet
Inheritance Pattern: AD
Disease ID:MONDO:0007222
Submitter: PanelApp Australia
Inheritance Pattern: AD
Disease ID:MONDO:0007223
Submitter: PanelApp Australia
Inheritance Pattern: AD
Disease ID:MONDO:0019677
Submitter: Orphanet
Clinical Genomic Database (CGD)
Manifestation: Craniofacial; Musculoskeletal
Intervention: Renal
Rationale: Genetic knowledge may be beneficial related to issues such as selection of optimal supportive care, informed medical decision-making, prognostic considerations, and avoidance of unnecessary testing
Comments: The condition has also been implicated in VACTERL association (AD), but the pathogenesis is unclear
ClinVar Associated Diseases & Phenotypes
Reported disease conditions connected to HOXD13 variants in ClinVar
ClinVar Variants & Pathogenicity by Type
Statistics based on transcript NM_000523.4. Only rare variants are included.
We include only reliable ClinVar variants with their consequences to MANE Select, MANE Plus Clinical transcripts, or transcripts with TSL equal to 1. Click a count to filter the variants table below.
Slight differences between displayed counts and ClinVar may occur due to a different transcript/consequence chosen by our variant effect predictor, or because we classify Benign/Likely benign as Likely benign and Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic as Likely pathogenic.
| Effect | PathogenicP | Likely pathogenicLP | VUS | Likely benignLB | BenignB | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| synonymous | 1 | 20 | 2 | 23 | ||
| missense | 6 | 4 | 95 | 6 | 111 | |
| nonsense | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | ||
| start loss | 0 | |||||
| frameshift | 10 | 2 | 12 | |||
| splice donor/acceptor (+/-2bp) | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Total | 21 | 9 | 97 | 26 | 2 | 155 |
Highest pathogenic variant AF is 0.000055324377
Transcript Catalog
Annotated transcript isoforms across RefSeq and Ensembl databases
| Transcript ID | Source | Protein ID | Coding Exons | MANE Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RefSeq | NP_000514.2 | 2 | MANE Select | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000376322.3 | 2 | MANE Select | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000811539.1 | 2 | Standard | |
| RefSeq | XP_011509370.1 | 2 | Standard |
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations & Pathways
Biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways
Biological Process
- skeletal system development
- regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
- transcription by RNA polymerase II
- multicellular organism development
- anterior/posterior pattern specification
Molecular Function
- RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
- DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
- enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
- DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
- DNA binding
Cellular Component
- nucleus
gnomAD Constraint
Source:
- Gene type
- protein_coding
- Transcript type
- protein_coding
- Transcript
- ENST00000392539
- Coding exons
- 2
- Length
- 3048
- Individuals with no LoFs
- 125717
- Homozygous LoFs
- 0
- Heterozygous LoFs
- 30
- Defined
- 125747
- p
- 0.000119
| Z-Score | Observed | Expected | Observed/Expected | Mutation Rate | Total Possible | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missense | 0.0420 | 159 | 161 | 0.991 | 0.00000751 | 2148 |
| Missense (PolyPhen) | 32 | 42.236 | 0.75765 | 521 | ||
| Synonymous | -0.961 | 80 | 69.8 | 1.15 | 0.00000354 | 738 |
| Loss of Function | 1.69 | 5 | 11.0 | 0.453 | 4.87e-7 | 124 |
Population LoF Frequency
| Population | CAF | p-value | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| African | 0.000071 | 0.000062 | rare |
| Latino/Admixed American | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| Ashkenazi Jewish | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| East Asian | 0.00011 | 0.00011 | rare |
| Finnish | 0.00070 | 0.00069 | rare |
| European (Non-Finnish) | 0.000091 | 0.000079 | rare |
| South Asian | 0.000033 | 0.000033 | rare |
| Other | 0.00033 | 0.00033 | rare |
dbNSFP Gene Annotations
Source:
- Function
- FUNCTION: Sequence-specific transcription factor that binds gene promoters and activates their transcription (PubMed:24789103). Part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P24344, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24789103}.;
- Disease
- DISEASE: Synpolydactyly 1 (SPD1) [MIM:186000]: Limb malformation that shows a characteristic manifestation in both hands and feet. This condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with reduced penetrance. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12414828, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16222680, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24789103, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26581570, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8817328}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Brachydactyly D (BDD) [MIM:113200]: A form of brachydactyly. Brachydactyly defines a group of inherited malformations characterized by shortening of the digits due to abnormal development of the phalanges and/or the metacarpals. Brachydactyly type D is characterized by short and broad terminal phalanges of the thumbs and big toes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12649808}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Syndactyly 5 (SDTY5) [MIM:186300]: A form of syndactyly, a congenital anomaly of the hand or foot marked by persistence of the webbing between adjacent digits that are more or less completely attached. The characteristic finding in SDTY5 is the presence of an associated metacarpal and metatarsal fusion. The metacarpals and metatarsals most commonly fused are the 4th and 5th or the 3rd and 4th. Soft tissue syndactyly usually affects the 3rd and 4th fingers and the 2nd and 3rd toes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17236141}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Brachydactyly-syndactyly syndrome (BDSD) [MIM:610713]: A disease characterized by generalized shortening of the hands and feet, broad and short distal phalanges of the thumbs, and cutaneous syndactyly of toes 2 and 3. The limb phenotypes observed in this syndrome overlap those of brachydactyly types A4, D, E and syndactyly type 1. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17236141}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Brachydactyly E1 (BDE1) [MIM:113300]: A form of brachydactyly. Brachydactyly defines a group of inherited malformations characterized by shortening of the digits due to abnormal development of the phalanges and/or the metacarpals. Brachydactyly type E is characterized by shortening of the fingers mainly in the metacarpals and metatarsals. Wide variability in the number of digits affected occurs from person to person, even in the same family. Some individuals are moderately short of stature. Brachydactyly type E1 is characterized by shortening limited to fourth metacarpals and/or metatarsals. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12649808, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24789103}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: VACTERL association (VACTERL) [MIM:192350]: VACTERL is an acronym for vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, congenital cardiac disease, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, radial dysplasia, and other limb defects. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19006232}. Note=The gene represented in this entry may be involved in disease pathogenesis.; DISEASE: Brachydactyly-syndactyly-oligodactyly syndrome (BDSDO) [MIM:610713]: A syndrome characterized by a complex brachydactyly- syndactyly-oligodactyly phenotype. Limb anomalies include reduced number of digits that are severely shortened, camptodactyly, syndactyly, absence of terminal phalanges of the thumbs, and absence of nails of the thumbs and toes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23995701}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.;
Recessive Scores
- pRec
- 0.409
Intolerance Scores
- LoFtool
- 0.163
- RVIS EVS
- -0.1
- RVIS percentile EVS
- 46.49
Essentials
- Essential (CRISPR)
- N
- Essential (CRISPR2)
- S
- Essential (gene trap)
- N
- Indispensability pred.
- E
- Indispensability score
- 0.880
Gene Damage Prediction
| All | Recessive | Dominant | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mendelian | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Primary Immunodeficiency | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Cancer | Medium | Medium | Medium |