IGHD
otherimmunoglobulin heavy constant delta, the group of Immunoglobulin heavy locus at 14q32.33
Gene summary
Predicted to enable antigen binding activity and immunoglobulin receptor binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of interleukin-1 production. Located in blood microparticle and extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
MANE transcript
Inheritance
ClinVar variants
Top phenotype
Max pathogenic AF
Genomic locus
External References & Databases
Transcript & Mutation Effects
hg38 • Region Span ~8.9 kbGenCC Phenotypes & Disease Associations
Curated gene-disease validity assertions and inheritance patterns
No GenCC data available for this gene.
ClinVar Associated Diseases & Phenotypes
Reported disease conditions connected to IGHD variants in ClinVar
No annotated ClinVar phenotypes.
ClinVar Variants & Pathogenicity by Type
Statistics based on transcript . Only rare variants are included.
We include only reliable ClinVar variants with their consequences to MANE Select, MANE Plus Clinical transcripts, or transcripts with TSL equal to 1. Click a count to filter the variants table below.
Slight differences between displayed counts and ClinVar may occur due to a different transcript/consequence chosen by our variant effect predictor, or because we classify Benign/Likely benign as Likely benign and Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic as Likely pathogenic.
| Effect | PathogenicP | Likely pathogenicLP | VUS | Likely benignLB | BenignB | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| synonymous | 0 | |||||
| missense | 0 | |||||
| nonsense | 0 | |||||
| start loss | 0 | |||||
| frameshift | 0 | |||||
| splice donor/acceptor (+/-2bp) | 0 | |||||
| Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Transcript Catalog
Annotated transcript isoforms across RefSeq and Ensembl databases
| Transcript ID | Source | Protein ID | Coding Exons | MANE Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ensembl | ENSP00000374998.2 | 7 | Standard |
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations & Pathways
Biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways
Pathways ConsensusPathDB
- Antigen activates B Cell Receptor (BCR) leading to generation of second messengers
- B cell receptor signaling
- Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR)
- Immune System
- Adaptive Immune System
Biological Process
- phagocytosis, recognition
- phagocytosis, engulfment
- immune response
- complement activation, classical pathway
- defense response to bacterium
Molecular Function
- antigen binding
- immunoglobulin receptor binding
Cellular Component
- plasma membrane
- external side of plasma membrane
- integral component of membrane
- immunoglobulin complex, circulating
- extracellular exosome
dbNSFP Gene Annotations
Source:
- Function
- FUNCTION: Constant region of immunoglobulin heavy chains. Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are membrane-bound or secreted glycoproteins produced by B lymphocytes. In the recognition phase of humoral immunity, the membrane-bound immunoglobulins serve as receptors which, upon binding of a specific antigen, trigger the clonal expansion and differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulins-secreting plasma cells. Secreted immunoglobulins mediate the effector phase of humoral immunity, which results in the elimination of bound antigens (PubMed:22158414, PubMed:20176268). The antigen binding site is formed by the variable domain of one heavy chain, together with that of its associated light chain. Thus, each immunoglobulin has two antigen binding sites with remarkable affinity for a particular antigen. The variable domains are assembled by a process called V-(D)-J rearrangement and can then be subjected to somatic hypermutations which, after exposure to antigen and selection, allow affinity maturation for a particular antigen (PubMed:17576170, PubMed:20176268). IgD is the major antigen receptor isotype on the surface of most peripheral B-cells, where it is coexpressed with IgM. The membrane-bound IgD (mIgD) induces the phosphorylation of CD79A and CD79B by the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases. Soluble IgD (sIgD) concentration in serum below those of IgG, IgA, and IgM but much higher than that of IgE. IgM and IgD molecules present on B cells have identical V regions and antigen-binding sites. After the antigen binds to the B-cell receptor, the secreted form sIgD is shut off. IgD is a potent inducer of TNF, IL1B, and IL1RN. IgD also induces release of IL6, IL10, and LIF from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Monocytes seem to be the main producers of cytokines in vitro in the presence of IgD (PubMed:8774350, PubMed:10702483, PubMed:11282392). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8774350, ECO:0000303|PubMed:10702483, ECO:0000303|PubMed:11282392, ECO:0000303|PubMed:17576170, ECO:0000303|PubMed:20176268, ECO:0000303|PubMed:22158414}.;