KLRK1
protein-codingkiller cell lectin like receptor K1, the group of CD molecules|Killer cell lectin like receptors|C-type lectin domain containing
Gene summary
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. The NKG2 gene family is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed in NK cells. This gene encodes a member of the NKG2 family. The encoded transmembrane protein is characterized by a type II membrane orientation (has an extracellular C terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. It binds to a diverse family of ligands that include MHC class I chain-related A and B proteins and UL-16 binding proteins, where ligand-receptor interactions can result in the activation of NK and T cells. The surface expression of these ligands is important for the recognition of stressed cells by the immune system, and thus this protein and its ligands are therapeutic targets for the treatment of immune diseases and cancers. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the upstream KLRC4 (killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 4) family member in the same cluster. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]
- D12S2489E
MANE transcript
Inheritance
ClinVar variants
Top phenotype
gnomAD constraint
Max pathogenic AF
Genomic locus
External References & Databases
Transcript & Mutation Effects
hg38 • Region Span ~19.5 kbGenCC Phenotypes & Disease Associations
Curated gene-disease validity assertions and inheritance patterns
No GenCC data available for this gene.
ClinVar Associated Diseases & Phenotypes
Reported disease conditions connected to KLRK1 variants in ClinVar
ClinVar Variants & Pathogenicity by Type
Statistics based on transcript NM_007360.4. Only rare variants are included.
We include only reliable ClinVar variants with their consequences to MANE Select, MANE Plus Clinical transcripts, or transcripts with TSL equal to 1. Click a count to filter the variants table below.
Slight differences between displayed counts and ClinVar may occur due to a different transcript/consequence chosen by our variant effect predictor, or because we classify Benign/Likely benign as Likely benign and Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic as Likely pathogenic.
| Effect | PathogenicP | Likely pathogenicLP | VUS | Likely benignLB | BenignB | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| synonymous | 0 | |||||
| missense | 2 | 2 | ||||
| nonsense | 0 | |||||
| start loss | 0 | |||||
| frameshift | 0 | |||||
| splice donor/acceptor (+/-2bp) | 0 | |||||
| Total | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Transcript Catalog
Annotated transcript isoforms across RefSeq and Ensembl databases
| Transcript ID | Source | Protein ID | Coding Exons | MANE Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RefSeq | NP_031386.2 | 7 | MANE Select | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000240618.6 | 7 | MANE Select | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000379726.4 | 4 | Standard | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000446003.1 | 7 | Standard |
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations & Pathways
Biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways
Pathways ConsensusPathDB
- Malaria - Homo sapiens (human)
- Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity - Homo sapiens (human)
- DAP12 signaling
- DAP12 interactions
- Innate Immune System
Biological Process
- stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
- adaptive immune response
- positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
- signal transduction
- natural killer cell activation
Molecular Function
- protein binding
- kinase binding
- carbohydrate binding
- MHC class Ib receptor activity
- signaling receptor activity
Cellular Component
- plasma membrane
- integral component of plasma membrane
- external side of plasma membrane
- cell surface
- integral component of membrane
gnomAD Constraint
Source:
- Gene type
- protein_coding
- Transcript type
- protein_coding
- Transcript
- ENST00000240618
- Coding exons
- 7
- Length
- 19522
- Individuals with no LoFs
- 125690
- Homozygous LoFs
- 0
- Heterozygous LoFs
- 54
- Defined
- 125744
- p
- 0.000215
| Z-Score | Observed | Expected | Observed/Expected | Mutation Rate | Total Possible | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missense | 0.631 | 94 | 113 | 0.833 | 0.00000566 | 1435 |
| Missense (PolyPhen) | 19 | 24.359 | 0.78001 | 304 | ||
| Synonymous | -0.146 | 35 | 33.9 | 1.03 | 0.00000159 | 346 |
| Loss of Function | -0.911 | 18 | 14.3 | 1.26 | 6.74e-7 | 166 |
Population LoF Frequency
| Population | CAF | p-value | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| African | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | rare |
| Latino/Admixed American | 0.000029 | 0.000029 | rare |
| Ashkenazi Jewish | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| East Asian | 0.00027 | 0.00027 | rare |
| Finnish | 0.000046 | 0.000046 | rare |
| European (Non-Finnish) | 0.00034 | 0.00033 | rare |
| South Asian | 0.00015 | 0.00013 | rare |
| Other | 0.00033 | 0.00033 | rare |
dbNSFP Gene Annotations
Source:
- Function
- FUNCTION: Function as an activating and costimulatory receptor involved in immunosurveillance upon binding to various cellular stress-inducible ligands displayed at the surface of autologous tumor cells and virus-infected cells. Provides both stimulatory and costimulatory innate immune responses on activated killer (NK) cells, leading to cytotoxic activity. Acts as a costimulatory receptor for T-cell receptor (TCR) in CD8(+) T-cell-mediated adaptive immune responses by amplifying T-cell activation. Stimulates perforin-mediated elimination of ligand-expressing tumor cells. Signaling involves calcium influx, culminating in the expression of TNF-alpha. Participates in NK cell-mediated bone marrow graft rejection. May play a regulatory role in differentiation and survival of NK cells. Binds to ligands belonging to various subfamilies of MHC class I-related glycoproteins including MICA, MICB, RAET1E, RAET1G, RAET1L/ULBP6, ULBP1, ULBP2, ULBP3 (ULBP2>ULBP1>ULBP3) and ULBP4. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10426994, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11224526, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11777960, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15240696, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19658097, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21898152, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23298206, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28559451}.;
Recessive Scores
- pRec
- 0.282
Intolerance Scores
- LoFtool
- 0.801
- RVIS EVS
- -0.05
- RVIS percentile EVS
- 49.76
Essentials
- Essential (CRISPR)
- N
- Essential (CRISPR2)
- N
- Essential (gene trap)
- N
- Indispensability pred.
- N
- Indispensability score
- 0.433
Gene Damage Prediction
| All | Recessive | Dominant | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mendelian | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Primary Immunodeficiency | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Cancer | Medium | Medium | Medium |