KRT74

protein-coding

keratin 74, the group of Keratins, type II

Gene summary

Keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into epithelial keratins and hair keratins. This protein belongs to a family of keratins that are specifically expressed in the inner root sheath of hair follicles.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009]

MANE transcript

NM_175053.4

Inheritance

AD, AR

ClinVar variants

P:4U:123B:66

Top phenotype

Ectodermal dysplasia 7, hair/nail type; Hypotrichosis 3; Woolly hair, autosomal dominant

gnomAD constraint

pLI —, LoF o/e 1.09

Max pathogenic AF

—

Genomic locus

chr12:52,565,782-52,573,843

External References & Databases

Transcript & Mutation Effects

hg38 • Region Span ~8.1 kb
Loading mutation effect viewer...

GenCC Phenotypes & Disease Associations

Curated gene-disease validity assertions and inheritance patterns

hypotrichosis simplex of the scalpSUPPORTIVE

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0019575

Submitter: Orphanet

ectodermal dysplasia 7, hair/nail typeLIMITED

Inheritance Pattern: AR

Disease ID:MONDO:0013975

Submitter: PanelApp Australia

pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasiaSUPPORTIVE

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0019071

Submitter: Orphanet

isolated familial wooly hair disorderSUPPORTIVE

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0008686

Submitter: Orphanet

autosomal dominant wooly hairLIMITED

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0020717

Submitter: PanelApp Australia

hypotrichosis 3MODERATE

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0013514

Submitter: G2P

hypotrichosis 3MODERATE

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0013514

Submitter: PanelApp Australia

autosomal dominant wooly hairSTRONG

Inheritance Pattern: AD

Disease ID:MONDO:0020717

Submitter: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)

Clinical Genomic Database (CGD)

Ectodermal dysplasia 7, hair/nail type; Hypotrichosis 3; Woolly hair, autosomal dominantAD

Manifestation: Dermatologic

Intervention: General

Rationale: Genetic knowledge may be beneficial related to issues such as selection of optimal supportive care, informed medical decision-making, prognostic considerations, and avoidance of unnecessary testing

Refs: 20346438; 20409997; 21188418; 24714551Source: CGD (NHGRI)

ClinVar Associated Diseases & Phenotypes

Reported disease conditions connected to KRT74 variants in ClinVar

7 Conditions Cataloged
not specifiedTotal: 125
not providedTotal: 100
KRT74-related disorderTotal: 14
Autosomal dominant wooly hairTotal: 5
Ectodermal dysplasia 7, hair/nail typeTotal: 3
Hypotrichosis 3Total: 3
Ectodermal dysplasia 4, hair/nail typeTotal: 1

ClinVar Variants & Pathogenicity by Type

Statistics based on transcript NM_175053.4. Only rare variants are included.

We include only reliable ClinVar variants with their consequences to MANE Select, MANE Plus Clinical transcripts, or transcripts with TSL equal to 1. Click a count to filter the variants table below.

Slight differences between displayed counts and ClinVar may occur due to a different transcript/consequence chosen by our variant effect predictor, or because we classify Benign/Likely benign as Likely benign and Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic as Likely pathogenic.

EffectPLPVUSLBBSum
synonymous
1
clinvar
18
clinvar
12
clinvar
31
missense
2
clinvar
119
clinvar
25
clinvar
10
clinvar
156
nonsense
1
clinvar
2
clinvar
3
start loss
0
frameshift
1
clinvar
1
splice donor/acceptor (+/-2bp)
1
clinvar
1
clinvar
2
Total311234422193

Highest pathogenic variant AF is 0.000029115761

Loading ClinVar variants...

Transcript Catalog

Annotated transcript isoforms across RefSeq and Ensembl databases

Showing 4 of 5 transcripts
Transcript IDSourceProtein IDCoding ExonsMANE Status
NM_175053.4RefSeqNP_778223.29MANE Select
ENST00000305620.3EnsemblENSP00000307240.29MANE Select
ENST00000549343.5EnsemblENSP00000447447.110Standard
ENST00000549343.6EnsemblENSP00000447447.110Standard

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations & Pathways

Biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways

Pathways ConsensusPathDB

  • Keratinization
  • Developmental Biology

Biological Process

  • keratinization
  • intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization
  • cornification

Molecular Function

  • structural molecule activity
  • keratin filament binding

Cellular Component

  • cytoplasm
  • cytosol
  • keratin filament
  • extracellular exosome

gnomAD Constraint

Source: gnomAD

Gene type
protein_coding
Transcript type
protein_coding
Transcript
ENST00000305620
Coding exons
9
Length
8044
Individuals with no LoFs
125329
Homozygous LoFs
2
Heterozygous LoFs
417
Defined
125748
p
0.00167
Z-ScoreObservedExpectedObserved/ExpectedMutation RateTotal Possible
Missense-1.203633041.190.00001983452
Missense (PolyPhen)9379.4961.16991144
Synonymous-1.661521281.190.000008271066
Loss of Function-0.3712018.31.098.05e-7239

Population LoF Frequency

PopulationCAFp-valueStatus
African0.00450.0044notable
Latino/Admixed American0.00220.0022notable
Ashkenazi Jewish0.0100.010notable
East Asian0.00230.0023notable
Finnish0.000140.00014rare
European (Non-Finnish)0.000910.00090rare
South Asian0.0000980.000098rare
Other0.00310.0029notable

dbNSFP Gene Annotations

Source: dbNSFP

Function
FUNCTION: Has a role in hair formation. Specific component of keratin intermediate filaments in the inner root sheath (IRS) of the hair follicle (Probable). {ECO:0000305}.;
Disease
DISEASE: Hypotrichosis 3 (HYPT3) [MIM:613981]: A condition characterized by the presence of less than the normal amount of hair. Affected individuals have normal hair in early childhood but experience progressive hair loss limited to the scalp beginning in the middle of the first decade and almost complete baldness by the third decade. Body hair, beard, eyebrows, axillary hair, teeth, and nails develop normally. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21188418}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Ectodermal dysplasia 7, hair/nail type (ECTD7) [MIM:614929]: A form of ectodermal dysplasia, a heterogeneous group of disorders due to abnormal development of two or more ectodermal structures such as hair, teeth, nails and sweat glands, with or without any additional clinical sign. Each combination of clinical features represents a different type of ectodermal dysplasia. Ectodermal dysplasia of the hair/nail type is characterized by hypotrichosis and nail dystrophy without non- ectodermal or other ectodermal manifestations. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24714551}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.;

Recessive Scores

pRec
0.112

Intolerance Scores

LoFtool
0.147
RVIS EVS
2.38
RVIS percentile EVS
98.48

Essentials

Essential (CRISPR)
N
Essential (CRISPR2)
N
Essential (gene trap)
N
Indispensability pred.
E
Indispensability score
0.664

Gene Damage Prediction

AllRecessiveDominant
MendelianHighMediumHigh
Primary ImmunodeficiencyHighHighHigh
CancerHighHighHigh
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