LGALS16
protein-codinggalectin 16, the group of Galectins
Gene summary
Enables lactose binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jun 2026]
MANE transcript
Inheritance
ClinVar variants
Top phenotype
gnomAD constraint
Max pathogenic AF
Genomic locus
External References & Databases
Transcript & Mutation Effects
hg38 • Region Span ~4.7 kbGenCC Phenotypes & Disease Associations
Curated gene-disease validity assertions and inheritance patterns
No GenCC data available for this gene.
ClinVar Associated Diseases & Phenotypes
Reported disease conditions connected to LGALS16 variants in ClinVar
ClinVar Variants & Pathogenicity by Type
Statistics based on transcript NM_001190441.3. Only rare variants are included.
We include only reliable ClinVar variants with their consequences to MANE Select, MANE Plus Clinical transcripts, or transcripts with TSL equal to 1. Click a count to filter the variants table below.
Slight differences between displayed counts and ClinVar may occur due to a different transcript/consequence chosen by our variant effect predictor, or because we classify Benign/Likely benign as Likely benign and Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic as Likely pathogenic.
| Effect | PathogenicP | Likely pathogenicLP | VUS | Likely benignLB | BenignB | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| synonymous | 0 | |||||
| missense | 29 | 2 | 31 | |||
| nonsense | 0 | |||||
| start loss | 0 | |||||
| frameshift | 0 | |||||
| splice donor/acceptor (+/-2bp) | 0 | |||||
| Total | 0 | 0 | 29 | 2 | 0 | 31 |
Transcript Catalog
Annotated transcript isoforms across RefSeq and Ensembl databases
| Transcript ID | Source | Protein ID | Coding Exons | MANE Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RefSeq | NP_001177370.2 | 4 | MANE Select | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000375904.2 | 4 | MANE Select | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000471564.1 | 3 | Standard | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000811491.1 | 4 | Standard |
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations & Pathways
Biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways
Biological Process
- apoptotic process
- positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process
Molecular Function
- lactose binding
Cellular Component
- cellular_component
gnomAD Constraint
Source:
- Gene type
- protein_coding
- Transcript type
- protein_coding
- Transcript
- ENST00000392051
- Coding exons
- 4
- Length
- 4754
- Individuals with no LoFs
- 125663
- Homozygous LoFs
- 0
- Heterozygous LoFs
- 5
- Defined
- 125668
- p
- 0.0000199
| Z-Score | Observed | Expected | Observed/Expected | Mutation Rate | Total Possible | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missense | 0.163 | 77 | 81.1 | 0.949 | 0.00000480 | 904 |
| Missense (PolyPhen) | 23 | 21.612 | 1.0642 | 283 | ||
| Synonymous | 1.11 | 22 | 29.7 | 0.742 | 0.00000161 | 258 |
| Loss of Function | 0.0228 | 6 | 6.06 | 0.990 | 3.40e-7 | 68 |
Population LoF Frequency
| Population | CAF | p-value | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| African | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| Latino/Admixed American | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| Ashkenazi Jewish | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| East Asian | 0.000055 | 0.000054 | rare |
| Finnish | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| European (Non-Finnish) | 0.0000088 | 0.0000088 | rare |
| South Asian | 0.000098 | 0.000098 | rare |
| Other | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
dbNSFP Gene Annotations
Source:
- Function
- FUNCTION: Binds lactose with high affinity. Strong inducer of T- cell apoptosis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19497882}.;
Essentials
- Essential (CRISPR)
- N
- Essential (CRISPR2)
- N
- Essential (gene trap)
- N
- Indispensability pred.
- N
- Indispensability score
- 0.231
Gene Damage Prediction
| All | Recessive | Dominant | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mendelian | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Primary Immunodeficiency | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Cancer | Medium | Medium | Medium |