PML
protein-codingPML nuclear body scaffold, the group of Tripartite motif family|Ring finger proteins
Gene summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This phosphoprotein localizes to nuclear bodies where it functions as a transcription factor and tumor suppressor. Its expression is cell-cycle related and it regulates the p53 response to oncogenic signals. The gene is often involved in the translocation with the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Extensive alternative splicing of this gene results in several variations of the protein's central and C-terminal regions; all variants encode the same N-terminus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
MANE transcript
Inheritance
ClinVar variants
Top phenotype
gnomAD constraint
Max pathogenic AF
Genomic locus
External References & Databases
Transcript & Mutation Effects
hg38 • Region Span ~53.2 kbGenCC Phenotypes & Disease Associations
Curated gene-disease validity assertions and inheritance patterns
No GenCC data available for this gene.
ClinVar Associated Diseases & Phenotypes
Reported disease conditions connected to PML variants in ClinVar
ClinVar Variants & Pathogenicity by Type
Statistics based on transcript NM_033238.3. Only rare variants are included.
We include only reliable ClinVar variants with their consequences to MANE Select, MANE Plus Clinical transcripts, or transcripts with TSL equal to 1. Click a count to filter the variants table below.
Slight differences between displayed counts and ClinVar may occur due to a different transcript/consequence chosen by our variant effect predictor, or because we classify Benign/Likely benign as Likely benign and Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic as Likely pathogenic.
| Effect | PathogenicP | Likely pathogenicLP | VUS | Likely benignLB | BenignB | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| synonymous | 1 | 6 | 3 | 10 | ||
| missense | 103 | 9 | 2 | 114 | ||
| nonsense | 1 | 1 | ||||
| start loss | 0 | |||||
| frameshift | 1 | 1 | ||||
| splice donor/acceptor (+/-2bp) | 3 | 3 | ||||
| Total | 0 | 0 | 109 | 15 | 5 | 129 |
Transcript Catalog
Annotated transcript isoforms across RefSeq and Ensembl databases
| Transcript ID | Source | Protein ID | Coding Exons | MANE Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RefSeq | NP_150241.2 | 9 | MANE Select | |
| Ensembl | ENSP00000268058.3 | 9 | MANE Select | |
| RefSeq | NP_002666.1 | 8 | Standard | |
| RefSeq | NP_150242.1 | 8 | Standard |
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations & Pathways
Biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways
Pathways ConsensusPathDB
- Endocytosis - Homo sapiens (human)
- Influenza A - Homo sapiens (human)
- Acute myeloid leukemia - Homo sapiens (human)
- Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis - Homo sapiens (human)
- Pathways in cancer - Homo sapiens (human)
Biological Process
- response to hypoxia
- regulation of protein phosphorylation
- regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
- protein import into nucleus
- activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
Molecular Function
- DNA binding
- transcription coactivator activity
- protein binding
- zinc ion binding
- SUMO transferase activity
Cellular Component
- nuclear chromosome, telomeric region
- heterochromatin
- nucleus
- nucleoplasm
- nucleolus
gnomAD Constraint
Source:
- Gene type
- protein_coding
- Transcript type
- protein_coding
- Transcript
- ENST00000268058
- Coding exons
- 9
- Length
- 53140
- Individuals with no LoFs
- 125723
- Homozygous LoFs
- 0
- Heterozygous LoFs
- 25
- Defined
- 125748
- p
- 0.0000994
| Z-Score | Observed | Expected | Observed/Expected | Mutation Rate | Total Possible | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missense | 1.74 | 462 | 580 | 0.797 | 0.0000419 | 5692 |
| Missense (PolyPhen) | 106 | 162.21 | 0.65347 | 1824 | ||
| Synonymous | 1.19 | 231 | 255 | 0.905 | 0.0000191 | 1839 |
| Loss of Function | 4.07 | 8 | 33.3 | 0.240 | 0.00000181 | 333 |
Population LoF Frequency
| Population | CAF | p-value | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| African | 0.000068 | 0.000062 | rare |
| Latino/Admixed American | 0.000058 | 0.000058 | rare |
| Ashkenazi Jewish | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| East Asian | 0.00022 | 0.00022 | rare |
| Finnish | 0 | 0.0 | absent |
| European (Non-Finnish) | 0.00011 | 0.00011 | rare |
| South Asian | 0.00016 | 0.00016 | rare |
| Other | 0.00016 | 0.00016 | rare |
dbNSFP Gene Annotations
Source:
- Function
- FUNCTION: Functions via its association with PML-nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) in a wide range of important cellular processes, including tumor suppression, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, senescence, DNA damage response, and viral defense mechanisms. Acts as the scaffold of PML-NBs allowing other proteins to shuttle in and out, a process which is regulated by SUMO-mediated modifications and interactions. Isoform PML-4 has a multifaceted role in the regulation of apoptosis and growth suppression: activates RB1 and inhibits AKT1 via interactions with PP1 and PP2A phosphatases respectively, negatively affects the PI3K pathway by inhibiting MTOR and activating PTEN, and positively regulates p53/TP53 by acting at different levels (by promoting its acetylation and phosphorylation and by inhibiting its MDM2-dependent degradation). Isoform PML-4 also: acts as a transcriptional repressor of TBX2 during cellular senescence and the repression is dependent on a functional RBL2/E2F4 repressor complex, regulates double-strand break repair in gamma- irradiation-induced DNA damage responses via its interaction with WRN, acts as a negative regulator of telomerase by interacting with TERT, and regulates PER2 nuclear localization and circadian function. Isoform PML-6 inhibits specifically the activity of the tetrameric form of PKM. The nuclear isoforms (isoform PML-1, isoform PML-2, isoform PML-3, isoform PML-4 and isoform PML-5) in concert with SATB1 are involved in local chromatin-loop remodeling and gene expression regulation at the MHC-I locus. Isoform PML-2 is required for efficient IFN-gamma induced MHC II gene transcription via regulation of CIITA. Cytoplasmic PML is involved in the regulation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. PML also regulates transcription activity of ELF4 and can act as an important mediator for TNF-alpha- and IFN-alpha-mediated inhibition of endothelial cell network formation and migration.;
- Disease
- DISEASE: Note=A chromosomal aberration involving PML may be a cause of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Translocation t(15;17)(q21;q21) with RARA. The PML breakpoints (type A and type B) lie on either side of an alternatively spliced exon. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:1652369, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1720570}.;
Recessive Scores
- pRec
- 0.572
Intolerance Scores
- LoFtool
- 0.0112
- RVIS EVS
- 0.15
- RVIS percentile EVS
- 64.12
Essentials
- Essential (CRISPR)
- N
- Essential (CRISPR2)
- N
- Essential (gene trap)
- N
- Indispensability pred.
- E
- Indispensability score
- 0.994
Gene Damage Prediction
| All | Recessive | Dominant | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mendelian | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Primary Immunodeficiency | Medium | Medium | Medium |
| Cancer | Medium | Medium | Medium |