RAN

protein-coding

RAN, member RAS oncogene family, the group of RAN family GTPases

Gene summary

RAN (ras-related nuclear protein) is a small GTP binding protein belonging to the RAS superfamily that is essential for the translocation of RNA and proteins through the nuclear pore complex. The RAN protein is also involved in control of DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. Nuclear localization of RAN requires the presence of regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1). Mutations in RAN disrupt DNA synthesis. Because of its many functions, it is likely that RAN interacts with several other proteins. RAN regulates formation and organization of the microtubule network independently of its role in the nucleus-cytosol exchange of macromolecules. RAN could be a key signaling molecule regulating microtubule polymerization during mitosis. RCC1 generates a high local concentration of RAN-GTP around chromatin which, in turn, induces the local nucleation of microtubules. RAN is an androgen receptor (AR) coactivator that binds differentially with different lengths of polyglutamine within the androgen receptor. Polyglutamine repeat expansion in the AR is linked to Kennedy's disease (X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy). RAN coactivation of the AR diminishes with polyglutamine expansion within the AR, and this weak coactivation may lead to partial androgen insensitivity during the development of Kennedy's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MANE transcript

NM_006325.5

Inheritance

—

ClinVar variants

U:6B:1

Top phenotype

—

gnomAD constraint

pLI —, LoF o/e 0

Max pathogenic AF

—

Genomic locus

chr12:130,872,037-130,877,678

External References & Databases

Ensembl (ENSG00000132341)

Transcript & Mutation Effects

hg38 • Region Span ~5.6 kb

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GenCC Phenotypes & Disease Associations

Curated gene-disease validity assertions and inheritance patterns

No GenCC data available for this gene.

ClinVar Associated Diseases & Phenotypes

Reported disease conditions connected to RAN variants in ClinVar

1 Conditions Cataloged

not providedTotal: 2

ClinVar Variants & Pathogenicity by Type

Statistics based on transcript NM_006325.5. Only rare variants are included.

We include only reliable ClinVar variants with their consequences to MANE Select, MANE Plus Clinical transcripts, or transcripts with TSL equal to 1. Click a count to filter the variants table below.

Slight differences between displayed counts and ClinVar may occur due to a different transcript/consequence chosen by our variant effect predictor, or because we classify Benign/Likely benign as Likely benign and Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic as Likely pathogenic.

Effect	PathogenicP	Likely pathogenicLP	VUS	Likely benignLB	BenignB	Sum
synonymous			1 clinvar		1 clinvar	2
missense			1 clinvar			1
nonsense						0
start loss						0
frameshift			1 clinvar			1
splice donor/acceptor (+/-2bp)			3 clinvar			3
Total	0	0	6	0	1	7

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Transcript Catalog

Annotated transcript isoforms across RefSeq and Ensembl databases

Showing 4 of 43 transcripts

Transcript ID	Source	Protein ID	Coding Exons	MANE Status
NM_006325.5	RefSeq	NP_006316.1	6	MANE Select
ENST00000543796.6	Ensembl	ENSP00000446215.1	6	MANE Select
NM_001300796.2	RefSeq	NP_001287725.1	3	Standard
NM_001300797.2	RefSeq	NP_001287726.1	3	Standard

Model Organisms & Knockout Phenotypes

Observed phenotypic effects in mouse and zebrafish models

Gene / Model	Organism	Observed Phenotype
ran	Danio rerio	Structure: post-vent region Quality: bent abnormal

Gene / Model

Organism

Observed Phenotype

ran

Danio rerio

Structure: post-vent region

Quality: bent

abnormal

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations & Pathways

Biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and pathways

Pathways ConsensusPathDB

Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes - Homo sapiens (human)
HTLV-I infection - Homo sapiens (human)
RNA transport - Homo sapiens (human)
Epstein-Barr virus infection - Homo sapiens (human)
Androgen receptor signaling pathway

Biological Process

ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus
ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus
obsolete protein import into nucleus, translocation
mitotic sister chromatid segregation
mitotic cell cycle

Molecular Function

magnesium ion binding
chromatin binding
transcription coactivator activity
RNA binding
GTPase activity

Cellular Component

chromatin
male germ cell nucleus
manchette
nucleus
nuclear envelope

gnomAD Constraint

Source: gnomAD

Gene type: protein_coding
Transcript type: protein_coding
Transcript: ENST00000543796
Coding exons: 6
Length: 5800
Individuals with no LoFs: 0
Homozygous LoFs: 0
Heterozygous LoFs: 0
Defined: 0
p: 0.00

	Z-Score	Observed	Expected	Observed/Expected	Mutation Rate	Total Possible
Missense	3.42	13	117	0.111	0.00000561	1423
Missense (PolyPhen)		1	34.419	0.029054		484
Synonymous	-3.06	71	44.9	1.58	0.00000244	402
Loss of Function	3.13	0	11.4	0.00	6.64e-7	134

Population LoF Frequency

Population	CAF	p-value	Status
African	0	0.0	absent
Latino/Admixed American	0	0.0	absent
Ashkenazi Jewish	0	0.0	absent
East Asian	0	0.0	absent
Finnish	0	0.0	absent
European (Non-Finnish)	0	0.0	absent
South Asian	0	0.0	absent
Other	0	0.0	absent

dbNSFP Gene Annotations

Source: dbNSFP

Function: FUNCTION: GTPase involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, participating both to the import and the export from the nucleus of proteins and RNAs (PubMed:10400640, PubMed:8276887, PubMed:8896452, PubMed:8636225, PubMed:8692944, PubMed:9351834, PubMed:9428644, PubMed:9822603, PubMed:26272610). Switches between a cytoplasmic GDP- and a nuclear GTP-bound state by nucleotide exchange and GTP hydrolysis (PubMed:7819259, PubMed:8896452, PubMed:8636225, PubMed:8692944, PubMed:9351834, PubMed:9428644, PubMed:9822603, PubMed:29040603, PubMed:11336674, PubMed:26272610). Nuclear import receptors such as importin beta bind their substrates only in the absence of GTP-bound RAN and release them upon direct interaction with GTP-bound RAN, while export receptors behave in the opposite way. Thereby, RAN controls cargo loading and release by transport receptors in the proper compartment and ensures the directionality of the transport (PubMed:8896452, PubMed:9351834, PubMed:9428644). Interaction with RANBP1 induces a conformation change in the complex formed by XPO1 and RAN that triggers the release of the nuclear export signal of cargo proteins (PubMed:20485264). RAN (GTP-bound form) triggers microtubule assembly at mitotic chromosomes and is required for normal mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation (PubMed:10408446, PubMed:29040603). Required for normal progress through mitosis (PubMed:8421051, PubMed:12194828, PubMed:29040603). The complex with BIRC5/survivin plays a role in mitotic spindle formation by serving as a physical scaffold to help deliver the RAN effector molecule TPX2 to microtubules (PubMed:18591255). Acts as a negative regulator of the kinase activity of VRK1 and VRK2 (PubMed:18617507). Enhances AR-mediated transactivation. Transactivation decreases as the poly-Gln length within AR increases (PubMed:10400640). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10400640, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10408446, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11336674, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12194828, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18591255, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18617507, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20485264, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29040603, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7819259, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8276887, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8421051, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8636225, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8692944, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8896452, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9351834, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9428644, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9822603, ECO:0000305|PubMed:26272610}.;

Recessive Scores

pRec: 0.260

Intolerance Scores

RVIS EVS: -0.08
RVIS percentile EVS: 47.79

Essentials

Essential (CRISPR): E
Essential (CRISPR2): E
Essential (gene trap): E
Indispensability pred.: E
Indispensability score: 0.951

Gene Damage Prediction

	All	Recessive	Dominant
Mendelian	Medium	Medium	Medium
Primary Immunodeficiency	Medium	Medium	Medium
Cancer	Medium	Medium	Medium