RB1

Highest pathogenic variant AF is 0.004362775

Gene type

protein_coding

Transcript type

protein_coding

Transcript

ENST00000267163

Coding exons

27

Length

178236

Individuals with no LoFs

125681

Homozygous LoFs

0

Heterozygous LoFs

5

Defined

125686

p

0.0000199

Function

FUNCTION: Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Promotes G0-G1 transition when phosphorylated by CDK3/cyclin-C. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransferases SUV39H1, KMT5B and KMT5C, leading to epigenetic transcriptional repression. Controls histone H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation. Inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TAF1. Mediates transcriptional repression by SMARCA4/BRG1 by recruiting a histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex to the c-FOS promoter. In resting neurons, transcription of the c-FOS promoter is inhibited by BRG1-dependent recruitment of a phospho-RB1-HDAC1 repressor complex. Upon calcium influx, RB1 is dephosphorylated by calcineurin, which leads to release of the repressor complex (By similarity). In case of viral infections, interactions with SV40 large T antigen, HPV E7 protein or adenovirus E1A protein induce the disassembly of RB1-E2F1 complex thereby disrupting RB1's activity. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15084261}.;

Disease

DISEASE: Childhood cancer retinoblastoma (RB) [MIM:180200]: Congenital malignant tumor that arises from the nuclear layers of the retina. It occurs in about 1:20'000 live births and represents about 2% of childhood malignancies. It is bilateral in about 30% of cases. Although most RB appear sporadically, about 20% are transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. The diagnosis is usually made before the age of 2 years when strabismus or a gray to yellow reflex from pupil ('cat eye') is investigated. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10671068, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11524739, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1352883, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2594029, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7704558, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7795591, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7927327, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8346255, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8605116, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8776589, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9140452, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9311732, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9973307}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Bladder cancer (BLC) [MIM:109800]: A malignancy originating in tissues of the urinary bladder. It often presents with multiple tumors appearing at different times and at different sites in the bladder. Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas that begin in cells that normally make up the inner lining of the bladder. Other types of bladder cancer include squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in thin, flat cells) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids). Bladder cancer is a complex disorder with both genetic and environmental influences. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Osteogenic sarcoma (OSRC) [MIM:259500]: A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.;