TBX1

Highest pathogenic variant AF is 0.0000027212438

Gene type

protein_coding

Transcript type

protein_coding

Transcript

ENST00000332710

Coding exons

8

Length

26891

Individuals with no LoFs

125734

Homozygous LoFs

0

Heterozygous LoFs

2

Defined

125736

p

0.00000795

Function

FUNCTION: Probable transcriptional regulator involved in developmental processes. Is required for normal development of the pharyngeal arch arteries (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.;

Disease

DISEASE: Note=Haploinsufficiency of the TBX1 gene is responsible for most of the physical malformations present in DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) and velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). DGS is characterized by the association of several malformations: hypoplastic thymus and parathyroid glands, congenital conotruncal cardiopathy, and a subtle but characteristic facial dysmorphology. VCFS is marked by the association of congenital conotruncal heart defects, cleft palate or velar insufficiency, facial dysmorpholgy and learning difficulties. It is now accepted that these two syndromes represent two forms of clinical expression of the same entity manifesting at different stages of life.; DISEASE: DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) [MIM:188400]: A congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including parathyroid hypoplasia resulting in hypocalcemia, thymic hypoplasia resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies. Disturbance of cervical neural crest migration into the derivatives of the pharyngeal arches and pouches can account for the phenotype. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14585638}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) [MIM:192430]: A syndrome characterized by abnormal pharyngeal arch development that results in defective development of the parathyroid glands, thymus, and conotruncal region of the heart. The phenotype is highly variable, with no single clinical feature present in every patient. Affected individuals may present with structural or functional palatal abnormalities, cardiac defects, unique facial characteristics, hypernasal speech, hypotonia, and defective thymic development associated with impaired immune function. In addition, affected individuals may present with learning disabilities, overt developmental delay, and psychiatric disorders. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14585638, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17273972}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; DISEASE: Conotruncal heart malformations (CTHM) [MIM:217095]: A group of congenital heart defects involving the outflow tracts. Examples include truncus arteriosus communis, double-outlet right ventricle and transposition of great arteries. Truncus arteriosus communis is characterized by a single outflow tract instead of a separate aorta and pulmonary artery. In transposition of the great arteries, the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle. In double outlet of the right ventricle, both the pulmonary artery and aorta arise from the right ventricle. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.;