10-100989822-G-C

Variant names:

• chr10-100989822-G-C
• rs111033574
• NM_021830.5:c.1422G>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 21 ACMG points: 21P and 0B. PS3 PM1 PM2 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_021830.5(TWNK):​c.1422G>C​(p.Trp474Cys) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). ClinVar reports functional evidence for this variant: "SCV003198356: Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects TWNK function (PMID:18971204, 20659899).". Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. W474S) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
• Consequence: TWNK NM_021830.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.97
• Publications: 6 publications found

Genes affected

TWNK (HGNC:1160): (twinkle mtDNA helicase) This gene encodes a hexameric DNA helicase which unwinds short stretches of double-stranded DNA in the 5' to 3' direction and, along with mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein and mtDNA polymerase gamma, is thought to play a key role in mtDNA replication. The protein localizes to the mitochondrial matrix and mitochondrial nucleoids. Mutations in this gene cause infantile onset spinocerebellar ataxia (IOSCA) and progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) and are also associated with several mitochondrial depletion syndromes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

MRPL43 (HGNC:14517): (mitochondrial ribosomal protein L43) Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. This gene and the gene for a semaphorin class 4 protein (SEMA4G) overlap at map location 10q24.31 and are transcribed in opposite directions. Sequence analysis identified multiple transcript variants encoding at least four different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 21 ACMG points.

• PS3: PS3 evidence extracted from ClinVar submissions: SCV003198356: Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects TWNK function (PMID: 18971204, 20659899).
• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 5 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 7 uncertain in NM_021830.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 36 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 6 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 1.6071 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 2.58 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 7 (hepatocerebral type), autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia, progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 3, Perrault syndrome, mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebrorenal form.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.972
• PP5: Variant 10-100989822-G-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr10-100989822-G-C is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 694438.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_021830.5. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	TWNK	NM_021830.5	MANE Select	c.1422G>C	p.Trp474Cys	missense	Exon 2 of 5	NP_068602.2
	TWNK	NM_001163812.2		c.1422G>C	p.Trp474Cys	missense	Exon 2 of 5	NP_001157284.1	Q96RR1-2
	TWNK	NM_001163813.2		c.60G>C	p.Trp20Cys	missense	Exon 2 of 5	NP_001157285.1	A0A2R8Y4V4

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	TWNK	ENST00000311916.8	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.1422G>C	p.Trp474Cys	missense	Exon 2 of 5	ENSP00000309595.2	Q96RR1-1
	TWNK	ENST00000370228.2	TSL:1	c.1422G>C	p.Trp474Cys	missense	Exon 2 of 5	ENSP00000359248.1	Q96RR1-2
	TWNK	ENST00000473656.5	TSL:2	c.60G>C	p.Trp20Cys	missense	Exon 2 of 5	ENSP00000494326.1	A0A2R8Y4V4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Pathogenic

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
1	-	-	not provided (1)
1	-	-	Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 1 (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.71
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.52	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.51
CADD	Pathogenic	30
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.86	D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.92
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.89
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.97	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.38	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.97	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.91	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.8	M
PhyloP100		10
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-8.8	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.81
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0020	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.96
MutPred		0.87		Loss of loop (P = 0.0022)
MVP		0.95
MPC		1.8
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		6.0
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.88
gMVP		0.98
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs111033574; hg19: chr10-102749579;