10-43102527-C-T

Variant names:

• chr10-43102527-C-T
• rs1057521088
• NM_020975.6:c.523C>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points: 2P and 0B. PM5

The NM_020975.6(RET):​c.523C>T​(p.Arg175Cys) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000684 in 1,461,878 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R175P) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000068 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: RET NM_020975.6 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 4.81

Genes affected

RET (HGNC:9967): (ret proto-oncogene) This gene encodes a transmembrane receptor and member of the tyrosine protein kinase family of proteins. Binding of ligands such as GDNF (glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor) and other related proteins to the encoded receptor stimulates receptor dimerization and activation of downstream signaling pathways that play a role in cell differentiation, growth, migration and survival. The encoded receptor is important in development of the nervous system, and the development of organs and tissues derived from the neural crest. This proto-oncogene can undergo oncogenic activation through both cytogenetic rearrangement and activating point mutations. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hirschsprung disease and central hypoventilation syndrome and have been identified in patients with renal agenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points.

• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chrnull-null-null-null is described in UniProt as null.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
RET	NM_020975.6	c.523C>T	p.Arg175Cys	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 20	ENST00000355710.8	NP_066124.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
RET	ENST00000355710.8	c.523C>T	p.Arg175Cys	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 20	5	NM_020975.6	ENSP00000347942.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000684 AC: 10 AN: 1461878 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000413 AC XY: 3 AN XY: 727246

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000899

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:4

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2 Uncertain:2

Aug 27, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with cysteine, which is neutral and slightly polar, at codon 175 of the RET protein (p.Arg175Cys). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with Hirschsprung's disease or cervical adenocarcinoma (PMID: 22648184, 26556299). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 381592). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Jan 11, 2024

All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

not provided Uncertain:1

Oct 24, 2016

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The R175C variant in the RET gene has previously been reported in at least one individual with Hirschsprung disease (Carter et al., 2002). This variant was not observed in approximately 6,500 individuals of European and African American ancestry in the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, indicating it is not a common benign variant in these populations. The R175C variant is a non-conservative amino acid substitution, which is likely to impact secondary protein structure as these residues differ in polarity, charge, size and/or other properties. This substitution occurs at a position where amino acids with similar properties to Arginine are tolerated across species. In silico analysis predicts R175C is probably damaging to the protein structure/function. Missense variants in nearby residues (F174S, R180Q, R180P) have been reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database in association with Hirschsprung disease (Stenson et al., 2014), supporting the functional importance of this region of the protein. Based on the currently available information, it is unclear whether R175C is a pathogenic variant or a rare benign variant. We consider it to be a variant of uncertain significance. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1

Jun 20, 2022

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.R175C variant (also known as c.523C>T), located in coding exon 3 of the RET gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 523. The arginine at codon 175 is replaced by cysteine, an amino acid with highly dissimilar properties. This alteration has been detected in one individual with Hirschsprung disease (Carter TC et al. J. Hum. Genet., 2012 Aug;57:485-93). This amino acid position is well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.20
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	0.011	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.22
CADD	Pathogenic	32
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.52	D;.;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.53
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.49
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.93	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.82	T;T;T
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.14	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.53	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.57	T
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.5	M;.;M
PrimateAI	Benign	0.32	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.3	D;.;D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.34
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D;.;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0040	D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.;D
Vest4		0.46
MutPred		0.55		Loss of disorder (P = 0.0262);Loss of disorder (P = 0.0262);Loss of disorder (P = 0.0262);
MVP		0.71
MPC		2.1
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		4.2
Varity_R		0.67
gMVP		0.75

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1057521088; hg19: chr10-43597975;