10-70600791-C-T

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 3 ACMG points: 3P and 0B. PM1PP2

The NM_001083116.3(PRF1):c.112G>A(p.Val38Met) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000023 in 1,610,622 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. V38L) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000033 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000022 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PRF1
NM_001083116.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:3

Conservation

PhyloP100: 1.59

Publications

6 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

PRF1 (HGNC:9360): (perforin 1) This gene encodes a protein with structural similarities to complement component C9 that is important in immunity. This protein forms membrane pores that allow the release of granzymes and subsequent cytolysis of target cells. Whether pore formation occurs in the plasma membrane of target cells or in an endosomal membrane inside target cells is subject to debate. Mutations in this gene are associated with a variety of human disease including diabetes, multiple sclerosis, lymphomas, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), aplastic anemia, and familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2 (FHL2), a rare and lethal autosomal recessive disorder of early childhood. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

PRF1 links:

PALD1 (HGNC:23530): (phosphatase domain containing paladin 1) Predicted to enable protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. Predicted to be involved in peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]

PALD1 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 3 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 3 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 1 benign, 3 uncertain in NM_001083116.3

PP2

Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 43 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 4 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.016731 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 0.68523 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to lymphoma, non-Hodgkin, familial, familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 2, fatal post-viral neurodegenerative disorder, hereditary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PRF1	NM_001083116.3 link	c.112G>A	p.Val38Met	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 3	ENST00000441259.2	NP_001076585.1	P14222
PRF1	NM_005041.6 link	c.112G>A	p.Val38Met	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 3		NP_005032.2	P14222

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PRF1	ENST00000441259.2 link	c.112G>A	p.Val38Met	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 3	5	NM_001083116.3	ENSP00000398568.1		P14222

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000328

AC:

AN:

152236

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000723

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000731

AC:

AN:

246174

AF XY:

0.0000749

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.000125

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.000262

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.0000547

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00000906

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000219

AC:

AN:

1458386

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000248

AC XY:

AN XY:

725006

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000897

AC:

AN:

33432

American (AMR)

AF:

0.000202

AC:

AN:

44570

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

25956

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.0000505

AC:

AN:

39608

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.0000581

AC:

AN:

86002

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53146

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5734

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000108

AC:

AN:

1109752

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000166

AC:

AN:

60186

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.502

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000328

AC:

AN:

152236

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000269

AC XY:

AN XY:

74372

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000723

AC:

AN:

41472

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15286

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3470

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5190

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4832

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10622

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000294

AC:

AN:

68044

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2092

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.485

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.0000238

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000453

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.000227

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.0000659

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 2

Uncertain:2

Apr 27, 2017

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant was observed as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (where applicable). No publications were found based on this search. Allele frequency data from public databases did not allow this variant to be ruled in or out of causing disease. Therefore, this variant is classified as a variant of unknown significance. -

Oct 17, 2022

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces valine, which is neutral and non-polar, with methionine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 38 of the PRF1 protein (p.Val38Met). This variant is present in population databases (rs201909472, gnomAD 0.03%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (PMID: 16278825, 17873118, 32542393; Invitae). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 536222). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) has been performed at Invitae for this missense variant, however the output from this modeling did not meet the statistical confidence thresholds required to predict the impact of this variant on PRF1 protein function. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

not specified

Uncertain:1

May 23, 2025

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: PRF1 c.112G>A (p.Val38Met) results in a conservative amino acid change located in the Membrane attack complex component/perforin (MACPF) domain (IPR020864) of the encoded protein sequence. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function are either unavailable or do not agree on the potential impact of this missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 7.3e-05 in 246174 control chromosomes. This frequency is not significantly higher than estimated for a pathogenic variant in PRF1 causing Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (7.3e-05 vs 0.0027), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.112G>A has been reported in the literature in a homozygous individual affected with Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (Stadt_2006), while it was also reported in a heterozygous individual with symptoms of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (Gadoury-Levesque_2020). These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 32542393, 16278825). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 536222). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Uncertain

0.52

BayesDel_addAF

Uncertain

0.037

BayesDel_noAF

Uncertain

0.11

CADD

Benign

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.67

.;D;D

Eigen

Benign

0.15

Eigen_PC

Benign

0.00022

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.69

LIST_S2

Benign

0.76

T;.;T

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.14

MetaRNN

Uncertain

0.51

D;D;D

MetaSVM

Uncertain

0.40

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.2

.;M;M

PhyloP100

1.6

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.58

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-2.4

.;N;N

REVEL

Uncertain

0.62

Sift

Uncertain

0.012

.;D;D

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.0060

.;D;D

Polyphen

1.0

.;D;D

Vest4

0.79, 0.74

MVP

0.87

MPC

0.44

ClinPred

0.25

GERP RS

2.8

Varity_R

0.089

gMVP

0.92

Mutation Taster

=71/29

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over