10-98435267-C-T

Variant names:

• chr10-98435267-C-T
• rs281865077
• NM_000195.5:c.398+5G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points: 12P and 0B. PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000195.5(HPS1):​c.398+5G>A variant causes a splice region, intron change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000929 in 1,613,932 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000096 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: HPS1 NM_000195.5 splice_region, intron
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 1.000
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:7 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.42
• Publications: 10 publications found

Genes affected

HPS1 (HGNC:5163): (HPS1 biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 3 subunit 1) This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. The encoded protein is a component of three different protein complexes termed biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex (BLOC)-3, BLOC4, and BLOC5. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene related to this gene is located on chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

HPS1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, ClinGen, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome with pulmonary fibrosis

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ENSG00000289758 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points.

• PP3: Splicing predictors support a deleterious effect. Scorers claiming Pathogenic: dbscSNV1_ADA, dbscSNV1_RF, max_spliceai. No scorers claiming Uncertain. No scorers claiming Benign.
• PP5: Variant 10-98435267-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr10-98435267-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 5283.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
HPS1	NM_000195.5	c.398+5G>A		splice_region_variant, intron_variant	Intron 5 of 19	ENST00000361490.9	NP_000186.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
HPS1	ENST00000361490.9	c.398+5G>A		splice_region_variant, intron_variant	Intron 5 of 19	1	NM_000195.5	ENSP00000355310.4
ENSG00000289758	ENST00000699159.1	n.398+5G>A		splice_region_variant, intron_variant	Intron 5 of 23			ENSP00000514167.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152180 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.000193

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 250990 AF XY: 0.00

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000958 AC: 14 AN: 1461752 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000963 AC XY: 7 AN XY: 727154

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33480

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26136

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.000353 AC: 14 AN: 39700

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86254

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53318

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5740

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 1112006

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60394

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152180 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000135 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 74340

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 41440

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 15276

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3472

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.000193 AC: 1 AN: 5184

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4828

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10626

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 314

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 68036

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2094

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5. (p-value = 0), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Asia WGS AF: 0.000289 AC: 1 AN: 3478

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:7 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:3

Oct 17, 2022

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Intronic +5 splice site variant in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease, and splice predictors support a deleterious effect; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 32487952, 25525159, 27284308, 30634918, 32725903, 33365035, 20301464, 10971344, 27176668, Kageshima2021[paper], 9497254, 19398212, 33023548, 15519141, 24583434, 27593200) -

Nov 29, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change falls in intron 5 of the HPS1 gene. It does not directly change the encoded amino acid sequence of the HPS1 protein. It affects a nucleotide within the consensus splice site. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has been observed in individual(s) with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (PMID: 9497254, 24583434, 30634918). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 5283). Variants that disrupt the consensus splice site are a relatively common cause of aberrant splicing (PMID: 17576681, 9536098). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Feb 01, 2024

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

HPS1: PM3:Very Strong, PM2, PS3:Supporting -

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1 Pathogenic:2 Other:1

Sep 01, 2000

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

-

GeneReviews

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Mar 15, 2024

Baylor Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome Pathogenic:2

Apr 30, 2025

Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: curation

The c.398+5G>A variant in HPS1 has been reported in at least 5 individuals with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (PMID: 9497254, 24583434, 30634918, 33023548, 32725903), and has been identified in 0.03% (15/44884) of East Asian chromosomes by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org; dbSNP ID: rs1486224265). Although this variant has been seen in the general population in a heterozygous state, its frequency is not high enough to rule out a pathogenic role. This variant has also been reported in ClinVar (VCV000005283.25) and has been interpreted as pathogenic by multiple submitters. Of the 5 affected individuals, 3 were homozygotes and at least 1 was a compound heterozygote that carried a reported pathogenic variant in trans, which increases the likelihood that the c.398+5G>A variant is pathogenic (PMID: 9497254, 24583434, 30634918). This variant is located in the 5' splice region. Computational tools predict a splicing impact, though this information is not predictive enough to determine pathogenicity. Loss of function of the HPS1 gene is an established disease mechanism in autosomal recessive Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Two additional likely pathogenic variants, predicted to induce the same splicing effect as this variant, have been reported in ClinVar as being associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, supporting that the c.398+5G>A variant may be pathogenic (VCV000449037.13, VCV003241741.1). In summary, although additional studies are required to fully establish its clinical significance, this variant is likely pathogenic for autosomal recessive Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. ACMG/AMP Criteria applied: PM3_strong, PS1_moderate, PP3 (Richards 2015). -

Sep 01, 2023

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: HPS1 c.398+5G>A alters a conserved nucleotide located close to a canonical splice site and therefore could affect mRNA splicing, leading to a significantly altered protein sequence. Several computational tools predict a significant impact on normal splicing: Four predict the variant abolishes the canonical 5' splicing donor site. At least one publication reports experimental evidence that this variant affects mRNA splicing (example: Suzuki_2004). The variant was absent in 250990 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.398+5G>A has been reported in the literature in multiple individuals affected with Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (example: Ito_2005). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 16185271, 15519141). Two submitters have cited clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014. All submitters classified the variant as pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.17
CADD	Pathogenic	26
DANN	Uncertain	0.97
PhyloP100		6.4
Mutation Taster		=1/99	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Pathogenic	1.0
dbscSNV1_RF	Pathogenic	1.0
SpliceAI score (max)		0.99		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_DL_spliceai		0.99		Position offset: 5

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs281865077; hg19: chr10-100195024;