10-99727157-G-C

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 10 ACMG points: 10P and 0B. PM2PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_078470.6(COX15):c.396-3C>G variant causes a splice region, intron change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00018 in 1,613,982 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.00011 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00019 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

COX15
NM_078470.6 splice_region, intron

Scores

Splicing: ADA: 0.9997

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:5U:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 1.75

Variant links:

Genes affected

COX15 (HGNC:2263): (cytochrome c oxidase assembly homolog COX15) Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes a protein which is not a structural subunit, but may be essential for the biogenesis of COX formation and may function in the hydroxylation of heme O, according to the yeast mutant studies. This protein is predicted to contain 5 transmembrane domains localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Alternative splicing of this gene generates two transcript variants diverging in the 3' region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

COX15 links:

ENSG00000285932 (HGNC:):

ENSG00000285932 links:

CUTC (HGNC:24271): (cutC copper transporter) Members of the CUT family of copper transporters are associated with copper homeostasis and are involved in the uptake, storage, delivery, and efflux of copper (Gupta et al., 1995 [PubMed 7635807]; Li et al., 2005 [PubMed 16182249]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

CUTC links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 10 ACMG points.

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PP5

Variant 10-99727157-G-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr10-99727157-G-C is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 280009.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
COX15	NM_078470.6 link	c.396-3C>G		splice_region_variant, intron_variant	Intron 3 of 8	ENST00000016171.6	NP_510870.1	Q7KZN9-1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	UniProt
COX15	ENST00000016171.6 link	c.396-3C>G	splice_region_variant, intron_variant	Intron 3 of 8	1	NM_078470.6	ENSP00000016171.6	Q7KZN9-1
COX15	ENST00000370483.9 link	c.396-3C>G	splice_region_variant, intron_variant	Intron 3 of 8	1		ENSP00000359514.5	Q7KZN9-2
ENSG00000285932	ENST00000649102.1 link	n.396-86C>G	intron_variant	Intron 3 of 12			ENSP00000497114.1	A0A3B3IRX1
CUTC	ENST00000493385.5 link	n.309+4047G>C	intron_variant	Intron 2 of 4	3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.000118

AC:

AN:

152144

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.0000655

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.000250

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000756

AC:

AN:

251368

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000810

AC XY:

AN XY:

135880

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.0000615

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000150

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000163

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000187

AC:

274

AN:

1461720

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000161

AC XY:

117

AN XY:

727180

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.0000447

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.000227

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.000331

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.000112

AC:

AN:

152262

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000806

AC XY:

AN XY:

74436

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.000250

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.000246

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000945

Asia WGS

AF:

0.000289

AC:

AN:

3478

EpiCase

AF:

0.000382

EpiControl

AF:

0.000237

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:5Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Pathogenic:2Uncertain:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jan 27, 2025	This sequence change falls in intron 3 of the COX15 gene. It does not directly change the encoded amino acid sequence of the COX15 protein. It affects a nucleotide within the consensus splice site. This variant is present in population databases (rs200910834, gnomAD 0.01%). This variant has been observed in individual(s) with mitochondrial complex IV deficiency (PMID: 12474143). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. This variant is also known as C447-3G. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 280009). Studies have shown that this variant alters COX15 gene expression (PMID: 12474143). Variants that disrupt the consensus splice site are a relatively common cause of aberrant splicing (PMID: 17576681, 9536098). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Mar 25, 2023	Canonical splice site variant predicted to result in a null allele in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 34426522, 32232962, 29431110, 12474143) -
Uncertain significance, flagged submission	clinical testing	Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)	Jan 05, 2017	- -

Cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency 2

Pathogenic:2

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics	Mar 19, 2024	- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	literature only	OMIM	Jan 01, 2003	- -

Leigh syndrome

Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Aug 22, 2024

Variant summary: COX15 c.396-3C>G alters a non-conserved nucleotide located close to a canonical splice site and therefore could affect mRNA splicing, leading to a significantly altered protein sequence. Several computational tools predict a significant impact on normal splicing: Three predict the variant abolishes a canonical 3' acceptor site and one predicts the variant weakens the canonical 3' acceptor site. One publication reports experimental evidence that this variant indeed affects mRNA splicing, causing a frameshift and premature truncation as a result of the skipping of exon 4 (Antonicka_2003). The variant allele was found at a frequency of 7.6e-05 in 251368 control chromosomes, predominantly at a frequency of 0.00015 within the Non-Finnish European subpopulation in the gnomAD database. This frequency is not significantly higher than expected for a pathogenic variant in COX15 causing Leigh Syndrome (7.6e-05 vs 0.0013), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.396-3C>G has been reported in the literature in the compound heterozygous state together with a pathogenic variant in an individual with isolated cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency and early onset, fatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Antonicka_2003). This individual had reduced COX activity, particularly in heart tissue, and overexpression of COX15 in cultured fibroblasts restored activity to approximately 60% of normal (Antonicka_2003). Altogether these data suggest the variant is likely associated with disease. The following publication has been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 12474143). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 280009). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.34

CADD

Benign

DANN

Benign

0.87

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

dbscSNV1_ADA

Pathogenic

1.0

dbscSNV1_RF

Pathogenic

0.86

SpliceAI score (max)

0.57

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

DS_AL_spliceai

0.57

Position offset: -3

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over