11-31794774-G-A

Position:

• chr11-31794774-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001368894.2(PAX6):​c.580C>T​(p.Gln194Ter) variant causes a stop gained change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
• Consequence: PAX6 NM_001368894.2 stop_gained
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.33

Genes affected

PAX6 (HGNC:8620): (paired box 6) This gene encodes paired box protein Pax-6, one of many human homologs of the Drosophila melanogaster gene prd. In addition to a conserved paired box domain, a hallmark feature of this gene family, the encoded protein also contains a homeobox domain. Both domains are known to bind DNA and function as regulators of gene transcription. Activity of this protein is key in the development of neural tissues, particularly the eye. This gene is regulated by multiple enhancers located up to hundreds of kilobases distant from this locus. Mutations in this gene or in the enhancer regions can cause ocular disorders such as aniridia and Peter's anomaly. Use of alternate promoters and alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Interestingly, inclusion of a particular alternate coding exon has been shown to increase the length of the paired box domain and alter its DNA binding specificity. Consequently, isoforms that carry the shorter paired box domain regulate a different set of genes compared to the isoforms carrying the longer paired box domain. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2019]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 11-31794774-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr11-31794774-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 492994.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
PAX6	NM_001368894.2	c.580C>T	p.Gln194Ter	stop_gained	9/14	ENST00000640368.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
PAX6	ENST00000640368.2	c.580C>T	p.Gln194Ter	stop_gained	9/14	5	NM_001368894.2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Aniridia 1 Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology

Jun 13, 2017

- -

Aniridia 1;C0344559:Irido-corneo-trabecular dysgenesis Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Jun 13, 2022

For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with Aniridia (PMID: 7550230). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Gln180*) in the PAX6 gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in PAX6 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 12634864). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.63	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.65
CADD	Pathogenic	41
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.0
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.91
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	A;A;A;A;A;A;A;A;A;D
Vest4		0.86
GERP RS		5.8
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.1

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1554983571; hg19: chr11-31816322;