11-68688012-A-G

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 1 ACMG points: 5P and 4B. PVS1_StrongPP3BS2

The NM_015973.5(GAL):c.137-2A>G variant causes a splice acceptor, intron change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000936 in 1,602,724 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000079 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000021 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

GAL
NM_015973.5 splice_acceptor, intron

Scores

Splicing: ADA: 0.9999

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 4.62

Variant links:

Genes affected

GAL (HGNC:4114): (galanin and GMAP prepropeptide) This gene encodes a neuroendocrine peptide that is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and also the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenal gland and urogenital tract. The encoded protein is a precursor that is proteolytically processed to generate two mature peptides: galanin and galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP). Galanin has diverse physiological functions including nociception, feeding and energy homeostasis, osmotic regulation and water balance. GMAP has been demonstrated to possess antifungal activity and hypothesized to be part of the innate immune system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

GAL links:

LOC107984343 (HGNC:):

LOC107984343 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 1 ACMG points.

PVS1

Splicing +-2 bp (donor or acceptor) variant, product NOT destroyed by NMD, known LOF gene, truncates exone, which is 0.23387097 fraction of the gene. Cryptic splice site detected, with MaxEntScore 3.9, offset of 19, new splice context is: gatgccgttggcaaccacAGgtc. Cryptic site results in frameshift change. If cryptic site found is not functional and variant results in exon loss, it results in inframe change.

PP3

Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect 5: Cadd, dbscSNV1_ADA, dbscSNV1_RF, max_spliceai, Eigen [when BayesDel_addAF, BayesDel_noAF, MutationTaster was below the threshold]

BS2

High AC in GnomAd4 at 12 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GAL	NM_015973.5 link	c.137-2A>G		splice_acceptor_variant, intron_variant	Intron 3 of 5	ENST00000265643.4	NP_057057.2
LOC107984343	XR_001748281.1 link	n.68-9T>C		intron_variant	Intron 1 of 2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GAL	ENST00000265643.4 link	c.137-2A>G		splice_acceptor_variant, intron_variant	Intron 3 of 5	1	NM_015973.5	ENSP00000265643.3		P22466

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000788

AC:

AN:

152212

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.000265

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000199

AC:

AN:

250744

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.00000737

AC XY:

AN XY:

135684

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.000309

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000207

AC:

AN:

1450512

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

722458

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000272

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000788

AC:

AN:

152212

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000672

AC XY:

AN XY:

74366

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.000265

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.000136

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000718

ExAC

AF:

0.0000330

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Familial temporal lobe epilepsy 8

Uncertain:1

Aug 03, 2018

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. The current clinical and genetic evidence is not sufficient to establish whether loss-of-function variants in GAL cause disease. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site, but this prediction has not been confirmed by published transcriptional studies. This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals with GAL-related disease. This variant is present in population databases (rs762777313, ExAC 0.04%). This sequence change affects an acceptor splice site in intron 3 of the GAL gene. It is expected to disrupt RNA splicing and likely results in an absent or disrupted protein product. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.22

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.26

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Uncertain

0.97

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.77

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.53

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.83

GERP RS

4.0

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

dbscSNV1_ADA

Pathogenic

1.0

dbscSNV1_RF

Pathogenic

0.81

SpliceAI score (max)

1.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

DS_AG_spliceai

0.67

Position offset: 21

DS_AL_spliceai

1.0

Position offset: 2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over