11-71438985-C-T

Variant names:

• chr11-71438985-C-T
• rs80338857
• NM_001360.3:c.725G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001360.3(DHCR7):​c.725G>A​(p.Arg242His) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000428 in 1,613,934 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 13/22 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R242P) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000033 (0 hom., cov: 34)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000044 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: DHCR7 NM_001360.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:14 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.79
• Publications: 17 publications found

Genes affected

DHCR7 (HGNC:2860): (7-dehydrocholesterol reductase) This gene encodes an enzyme that removes the C(7-8) double bond in the B ring of sterols and catalyzes the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol. This gene is ubiquitously expressed and its transmembrane protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and nuclear outer membrane. Mutations in this gene cause Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS); a syndrome that is metabolically characterized by reduced serum cholesterol levels and elevated serum 7-dehydrocholesterol levels and phenotypically characterized by cognitive disability, facial dysmorphism, syndactyly of second and third toes, and holoprosencephaly in severe cases to minimal physical abnormalities and near-normal intelligence in mild cases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

DHCR7 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, G2P, Myriad Women’s Health, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, ClinGen, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 8 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 4 uncertain in NM_001360.3
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr11-71438985-C-G is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 2036105.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.988
• PP5: Variant 11-71438985-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr11-71438985-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 21276.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
DHCR7	NM_001360.3	c.725G>A	p.Arg242His	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 9	ENST00000355527.8	NP_001351.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
DHCR7	ENST00000355527.8	c.725G>A	p.Arg242His	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 9	1	NM_001360.3	ENSP00000347717.4
DHCR7	ENST00000685320.1	c.140G>A	p.Arg47His	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 8			ENSP00000509319.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000329 AC: 5 AN: 152206 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 34

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000588

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.000478

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.0000199 AC: 5 AN: 251346 AF XY: 0.0000221

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.0000544

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000352

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000438 AC: 64 AN: 1461728 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.0000426 AC XY: 31 AN XY: 727154

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33478

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44722

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26136

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.0000252 AC: 1 AN: 39700

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.0000348 AC: 3 AN: 86258

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53274

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000504 AC: 56 AN: 1112002

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000662 AC: 4 AN: 60390

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000329 AC: 5 AN: 152206 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 34 AF XY: 0.0000404 AC XY: 3 AN XY: 74344

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 41476

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 15280

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3472

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5188

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4830

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10608

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 316

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000588 AC: 4 AN: 68032

Other (OTH) AF: 0.000478 AC: 1 AN: 2092

Alfa AF: 0.0000296 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000227

ExAC AF: 0.0000247 AC: 3

EpiCase AF: 0.000109

EpiControl AF: 0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:14 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome Pathogenic:9 Other:1

Mar 16, 2017

Natera, Inc.

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

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Feb 01, 2024

Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: curation

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Mar 08, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with histidine, which is basic and polar, at codon 242 of the DHCR7 protein (p.Arg242His). This variant is present in population databases (rs80338857, gnomAD 0.005%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and combined with other DHCR7 variants in several individuals with this condition (PMID: 10995508, 11427181, 12818773, 15776424, 16044199). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 21276). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt DHCR7 protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. This variant disrupts the p.Arg242 amino acid residue in DHCR7. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 10405455, 10677299, 10995508, 15464432, 15954111, 26969503). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

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GeneReviews

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

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Baylor Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

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Mar 10, 2017

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: The DHCR7 c.725G>A (p.Arg242His) variant located in the transmembrane domain involves the alteration of a conserved nucleotide and is predicted to be damaging by 5/5 in silico tools. This variant was found in 27/569654 control chromosomes (all heterozygotes) including ExAC at a frequency of 0.0000474, which does not exceed the estimated maximal expected allele frequency of a pathogenic DHCR7 variant (0.0043301). This variant is one of twelve frequent mutations causing SmithLemliOpitz syndrome (Bianconi_2015) and is reported in at least five independent patients with SmithLemliOpitz syndrome in compound heterozygous state with another pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (Krakowiak_2001, Jira_2001, Witsch-Baumgartner _2001, Matsumoto_2005, Wassif_2005, Li_2016). Biochemical analysis of DHC and cholesterol levels as well as enzymatic evaluation in fibroblast cells from patients with this variant is supportive of functional impairment due this variant. Another missense change at this residue p.Arg242Cys is a known pathogenic variant, further highlighting functional significance of this residue. In addition, multiple reputable databases have classified this variant as pathogenic. Taken together, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. -

Jun 07, 2017

SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: curation

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Lifecell International Pvt. Ltd

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

A Heterozygous Missense variant c.725G>A in Exon 7 of the DHCR7 gene that results in the amino acid substitution p.Arg242His was identified. The observed variant has a maximum allele frequency of 0.00002/0.00006% in gnomAD exomes and genomes, respectively. The severity of the impact of this variant on the protein is medium, based on the effect of the protein and REVEL score . Rare Exome Variant Ensemble Learner (REVEL) is an ensembl method for predicting the pathogenicity of missense variants based on a combination of scores from 13 individual tools: MutPred, FATHMM v2.3, VEST 3.0, PolyPhen-2, SIFT, PROVEAN, MutationAssessor, MutationTaster, LRT, GERP++, SiPhy, phyloP, and phastCons. The REVEL score for an individual missense variant can range from 0 to 1, with higher scores reflecting greater likelihood that the variant is disease-causing. ClinVar has also classified this variant as Pathogenic/ Likely Pathogenic [Variant ID: 21276]. The observed variant has been previously reported in patients affected with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (Balogh, I et al., 2012). Furthermore, experimental studies showed the variant disrupts the DHCR7 protein function (Neklason, D W et al., 1999). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. -

Dec 20, 2019

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

NM_001360.2(DHCR7):c.725G>A(R242H) is classified as likely pathogenic in the context of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Sources cited for classification include the following: PMID 16044199, 11427181, 12818773, 23293579 and 10995508. Classification of NM_001360.2(DHCR7):c.725G>A(R242H) is based on the following criteria: This variant has been observed more frequently in patients with clinical diagnoses than in healthy populations. Please note: this variant was assessed in the context of healthy population screening.‚Äã -

Jan 12, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

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not provided Pathogenic:4

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Clinical Genetics DNA and cytogenetics Diagnostics Lab, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Medical Center

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

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Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

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Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

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Apr 04, 2023

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 16207203, 11427181, 22975760, 23319240, 10995508, 16044199, 20301322, 29961769, 28166604, 27415407, 23293579, 15776424, 31589614) -

DHCR7-related disorder Pathogenic:1

May 20, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

The DHCR7 c.725G>A variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Arg242His. This variant has previously been reported, in combination with another pathogenic variant, in several Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome patients (Krakowiak et al. 2000. PMID 10995508; Jira et al. 2001. PMID 11427181; Witsch-Baumgartner et al. 2005, PMID 15776424). Furthermore, a different amino acid change at the same location (p.Arg242Cys) as well as several other nearby amino acid substitutions (p.Asn240Ser, p.Pro243Arg, p.Gly244Arg) have all been reported to be causative for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (Human Gene Mutation Database). This variant is reported in 0.0050% of alleles in individuals of East Asian descent in gnomAD. This variant is interpreted as pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.86
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.45	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.57
CADD	Pathogenic	27
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.85
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.73
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	.;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.38	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.9	H;H;.;.
PhyloP100		6.8
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.85	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-4.8	D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.97
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;.
Polyphen		1.0	D;D;.;.
Vest4		0.99
MutPred		0.93		Loss of methylation at R242 (P = 0.0055);Loss of methylation at R242 (P = 0.0055);.;.;
MVP		0.98
MPC		0.63
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.4
PromoterAI		0.0068	Neutral
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.87
gMVP		0.99
Mutation Taster		=47/53	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs80338857; hg19: chr11-71150031; COSMIC: COSV62794891; COSMIC: COSV62794891;