12-102844368-C-T

Position:

• chr12-102844368-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 9 ACMG points: 9P and 0B. PP3 PM3 PM5 PM2 PP4_Moderate

This summary comes from the ClinGen Evidence Repository: PAH-specific ACMG/AMP criteria applied: PM2: Absent from controls in ExaC, 100 Genomes, ESP, and gnomAD; PP3: Deleterious effected predicted by SIFT, Polyphen2, and MutationTaster; PM5: A345S (Variant ID 102484) predicted pathogenic in ClinVar; PP4_Moderate: Found in two individuals with Classic PKU on exon 10.Urinary pterin analysis and dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) assay were performed t (PMID:15503242); PM3: Found in trans with R243Q (pathogenic in ClinVar). (PMID:15503242). In summary this variant meets criteria to be classified as likely pathogenic for phenylketonuria in an autosomal recessive manner based on the ACMG/AMP criteria applied as specified by the PAH Expert Panel: (PM2, PP3, PM5, PP4_Moderate, PM3). LINK:https://erepo.genome.network/evrepo/ui/classification/CA229291/MONDO:0009861/006

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000021 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PAH NM_000277.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic reviewed by expert panel P:3 U:1 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.91

Genes affected

PAH (HGNC:8582): (phenylalanine hydroxylase) This gene encodes a member of the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase protein family. The encoded phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme hydroxylates phenylalanine to tyrosine and is the rate-limiting step in phenylalanine catabolism. Deficiency of this enzyme activity results in the autosomal recessive disorder phenylketonuria. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 9 ACMG points.

• PM2: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PM3: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PM5: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PP3: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PP4: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PAH	NM_000277.3	c.1033G>A	p.Ala345Thr	missense_variant	10/13	ENST00000553106.6	NP_000268.1
PAH	NM_001354304.2	c.1033G>A	p.Ala345Thr	missense_variant	11/14		NP_001341233.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PAH	ENST00000553106.6	c.1033G>A	p.Ala345Thr	missense_variant	10/13	1	NM_000277.3	ENSP00000448059	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000205 AC: 3 AN: 1461418 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727038

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000270

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3 Uncertain:1 Other:1

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Submissions by phenotype

Phenylketonuria Pathogenic:3 Uncertain:1

Likely pathogenic, reviewed by expert panel	curation	ClinGen PAH Variant Curation Expert Panel	Aug 10, 2018	PAH-specific ACMG/AMP criteria applied: PM2: Absent from controls in ExaC, 100 Genomes, ESP, and gnomAD; PP3: Deleterious effected predicted by SIFT, Polyphen2, and MutationTaster; PM5: A345S (Variant ID 102484) predicted pathogenic in ClinVar; PP4_Moderate: Found in two individuals with Classic PKU on exon 10.Urinary pterin analysis and dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) assay were performed t (PMID:15503242); PM3: Found in trans with R243Q (pathogenic in ClinVar). (PMID:15503242). In summary this variant meets criteria to be classified as likely pathogenic for phenylketonuria in an autosomal recessive manner based on the ACMG/AMP criteria applied as specified by the PAH Expert Panel: (PM2, PP3, PM5, PP4_Moderate, PM3). -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	reference population	Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical Center	Mar 18, 2016	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Aug 30, 2022	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jun 16, 2023	For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. This variant disrupts the p.Ala345 amino acid residue in PAH. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 17502162, 23430918, 24368688). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt PAH protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 102483). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with hyperphenylalaninemia (PMID: 15503242, 29499199, 32668217). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with threonine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 345 of the PAH protein (p.Ala345Thr). -

not provided Other:1

not provided, no classification provided

literature only

DeBelle Laboratory for Biochemical Genetics, MUHC/MCH RESEARCH INSTITUTE

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Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.91
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.57	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.59
CADD	Pathogenic	29
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	1.0	D;D
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.1
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	1.0
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.79	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	1.0	D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.92	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.7	H;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.73	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.8	D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.98
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0010	D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.
Vest4		0.98
MutPred		0.98		Gain of ubiquitination at K341 (P = 0.115);.;
MVP		0.97
MPC		0.24
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.8
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.96
gMVP		0.99

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.11		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs62516062; hg19: chr12-103238146;