12-120993609-T-A

Variant names:

• chr12-120993609-T-A
• rs1057524898
• NM_000545.8:c.616T>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 6 ACMG points: 6P and 0B. PP4_Moderate PM2_Supporting PP3 PM1

This summary comes from the ClinGen Evidence Repository: The c.616T>A variant in the HNF1 homeobox A gene, HNF1A, causes an amino acid change of tryptophan to arginine at codon 206 (p.(Trp206Arg)) of NM_000545.8. This variant resides in an amino acid within the HNF1α DNA binding domain that directly binds DNA, which is defined as critical for the protein’s function by the ClinGen MDEP (PM1). This variant is absent from gnomAD v2.1.1 and v4.1.0 (PM2_Supporting). This variant is predicted to be deleterious by computational evidence, with a REVEL score of 0.899, which is greater than the MDEP threshold of 0.70 (PP3). This variant was identified in at least two individuals with a clinical history highly specific for HNF1A-MODY (MODY probability calculator result >50%, negative genetic testing for HNF4A, negative antibodies) (PP4_Moderate; internal lab contributors). This variant was identified in three unrelated individuals with non-autoimmune and non-absolute/near-absolute insulin-deficient diabetes; however, PS4_Moderate cannot be applied because this number is below the ClinGen MDEP threshold (internal lab contributors). This variant segregated with diabetes with one informative meiosis in a single family; however, this does not meet the thresholds for PP1 set by the ClinGen MDEP (internal lab contributors). In summary, c.616T>A meets the criteria to be classified as likely pathogenic for monogenic diabetes. ACMG/AMP criteria applied, as specified by the ClinGen MDEP (specification version 3.0.0, approved 6/30/2025): PM1, PM2_Supporting, PP3, PP4_Moderate. LINK:https://erepo.genome.network/evrepo/ui/classification/CA16609261/MONDO:0015967/017

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: HNF1A NM_000545.8 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic reviewed by expert panel P:2 U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.54
• Publications: 1 publications found

Genes affected

HNF1A (HGNC:11621): (HNF1 homeobox A) The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor required for the expression of several liver-specific genes. The encoded protein functions as a homodimer and binds to the inverted palindrome 5'-GTTAATNATTAAC-3'. Defects in this gene are a cause of maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) and also can result in the appearance of hepatic adenomas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

HNF1A Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• monogenic diabetes

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• type 1 diabetes mellitus 20

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Genomics England PanelApp
• diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Genomics England PanelApp
• hyperinsulinism due to HNF1A deficiency

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• maturity-onset diabetes of the young

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma

  Inheritance: Unknown Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 6 ACMG points.

• PM1: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PM2: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PP3: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PP4: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
HNF1A	NM_000545.8	c.616T>A	p.Trp206Arg	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 10	ENST00000257555.11	NP_000536.6
HNF1A	NM_001306179.2	c.616T>A	p.Trp206Arg	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 10		NP_001293108.2
HNF1A	NM_001406915.1	c.616T>A	p.Trp206Arg	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 9		NP_001393844.1
HNF1A	XM_024449168.2	c.616T>A	p.Trp206Arg	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 9		XP_024304936.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
HNF1A	ENST00000257555.11	c.616T>A	p.Trp206Arg	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 10	1	NM_000545.8	ENSP00000257555.5

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 34

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2 Uncertain:1

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Submissions by phenotype

Monogenic diabetes Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:1

Jul 24, 2025

ClinGen Monogenic Diabetes Variant Curation Expert Panel

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: reviewed by expert panel

Collection Method: curation

The c.616T>A variant in the HNF1 homeobox A gene, HNF1A, causes an amino acid change of tryptophan to arginine at codon 206 (p.(Trp206Arg)) of NM_000545.8. This variant resides in an amino acid within the HNF1α DNA binding domain that directly binds DNA, which is defined as critical for the protein’s function by the ClinGen MDEP (PM1). This variant is absent from gnomAD v2.1.1 and v4.1.0 (PM2_Supporting). This variant is predicted to be deleterious by computational evidence, with a REVEL score of 0.899, which is greater than the MDEP threshold of 0.70 (PP3). This variant was identified in at least two individuals with a clinical history highly specific for HNF1A-MODY (MODY probability calculator result >50%, negative genetic testing for HNF4A, negative antibodies) (PP4_Moderate; internal lab contributors). This variant was identified in three unrelated individuals with non-autoimmune and non-absolute/near-absolute insulin-deficient diabetes; however, PS4_Moderate cannot be applied because this number is below the ClinGen MDEP threshold (internal lab contributors). This variant segregated with diabetes with one informative meiosis in a single family; however, this does not meet the thresholds for PP1 set by the ClinGen MDEP (internal lab contributors). In summary, c.616T>A meets the criteria to be classified as likely pathogenic for monogenic diabetes. ACMG/AMP criteria applied, as specified by the ClinGen MDEP (specification version 3.0.0, approved 6/30/2025): PM1, PM2_Supporting, PP3, PP4_Moderate. -

Dec 04, 2015

Personalized Diabetes Medicine Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: research

ACMG Criteria: PM1 (HOX DNA binding domain), PM2, PP3 -

Maturity onset diabetes mellitus in young Pathogenic:1

-

Clinical Genomics, Uppaluri K&H Personalized Medicine Clinic

Significance: Likely risk allele

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: research

Mutations in HNF1A gene can predispose to MODY3. It is associated with both micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes, especially cardiovascular complications. Associated with glucosuria. May respond well to sulfonylureas. However, more evidence is required to confer the association of this particular variant rs1057524898 with MODY3. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.53	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.52
CADD	Pathogenic	32
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.93	.;D;D;D;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.68
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.62
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.91	D;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.91	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.93	D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
PhyloP100		7.5
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.94	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-12	D;.;.;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.90
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;.;.;D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0050	D;D;D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	.;.;.;.;D
Vest4		0.89
MutPred		0.61		Gain of methylation at W206 (P = 0.0211);Gain of methylation at W206 (P = 0.0211);Gain of methylation at W206 (P = 0.0211);Gain of methylation at W206 (P = 0.0211);Gain of methylation at W206 (P = 0.0211);
MVP		0.97
MPC		2.8
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.5
gMVP		0.99
Mutation Taster		=14/86	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1057524898; hg19: chr12-121431412;