14-73173655-T-C

Position:

• chr14-73173655-T-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 19 ACMG points: 19P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The ENST00000324501.10(PSEN1):​c.428T>C​(p.Ile143Thr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. I143F) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: PSEN1 ENST00000324501.10 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:3 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 8.02

Genes affected

PSEN1 (HGNC:9508): (presenilin 1) Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with an inherited form of the disease carry mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1; PSEN2) or in the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid-beta (main component of amyloid deposits found in AD brains). Presenilins are postulated to regulate APP processing through their effects on gamma-secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is thought that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor, such that they either directly regulate gamma-secretase activity or themselves are protease enzymes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene, the full-length nature of only some have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 19 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 5 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 4 uncertain in ENST00000324501.10
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr14-73173654-A-G is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 2137603.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant in gene, where missense usually causes diseases (based on misZ statistic), PSEN1. . Gene score misZ 2.1558 (greater than the threshold 3.09). Trascript score misZ 3.0986 (greater than threshold 3.09). GenCC has associacion of gene with acne inversa, familial, 3, dilated cardiomyopathy, Alzheimer disease 3, early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease, semantic dementia, Pick disease, familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy 1U, behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.962
• PP5: Variant 14-73173655-T-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr14-73173655-T-C is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 98026.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr14-73173655-T-C is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PSEN1	NM_000021.4	c.428T>C	p.Ile143Thr	missense_variant	5/12	ENST00000324501.10	NP_000012.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PSEN1	ENST00000324501.10	c.428T>C	p.Ile143Thr	missense_variant	5/12	1	NM_000021.4	ENSP00000326366	P4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:1 Other:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Athena Diagnostics	Feb 01, 2016	- -
not provided, no classification provided	literature only	VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp	-	- -

Pick disease;C0338451:Frontotemporal dementia;C1843013:Alzheimer disease 3;C3151038:Acne inversa, familial, 3 Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Sep 13, 2023

ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 98026). This missense change has been observed in individuals with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (PMID: 8634711, 17968601, 20628413, 24773620, 28350801, 30090657, 30528841). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces isoleucine, which is neutral and non-polar, with threonine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 143 of the PSEN1 protein (p.Ile143Thr). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt PSEN1 protein function. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects PSEN1 function (PMID: 19276550, 19276551, 22508690, 27930341). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Alzheimer disease 3 Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Molecular Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital

Aug 04, 2022

This sequence change in PSEN1 is predicted to replace isoleucine with threonine at codon 143, p.(Ile143Thr). The isoleucine residue is highly conserved (100 vertebrates, UCSC), and is located in Transmembrane-II domain. There is a moderate physicochemical difference between isoleucine and threonine. This variant is absent from gnomAD v2.1 and v3.1. This variant has been reported in various probands/families internationally with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and segregates with disease in multiple families (PMID: 8634711, 11568920, 17968601, 20628413, 30090657). The variant deregulates neurite growth in functional assays and significantly reduces brain glucosylceramide and gangliosides in a knock-in mouse model, similarly to human EOAD patients (PMID: 11157069, 22508690). Multiple lines of computational evidence predict a deleterious effect for the missense substitution (5/5 algorithms). Based on the classification scheme RMH Modified ACMG Guidelines v1.5.1, this variant is classified as PATHOGENIC. Following criteria are met: PP1_Strong, PS3_Moderate, PS4_Moderate, PM2_Supporting, PP3. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.87
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.57	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.59
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.99	.;.;.;D;D;.;.;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.88
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.78
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.96	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	1.0	D;D;.;D;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.92	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.96	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.5	.;M;.;M;.;.;M;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.91	D
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-4.3	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.98
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0010	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0, 1.0	.;D;D;D;.;D;.;.
Vest4		0.88, 0.97, 0.95, 0.94, 0.95
MutPred		0.79		.;Gain of catalytic residue at V142 (P = 0);.;Gain of catalytic residue at V142 (P = 0);Gain of catalytic residue at V142 (P = 0);.;Gain of catalytic residue at V142 (P = 0);.;
MVP		0.98
MPC		1.6
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		4.7
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		2.7
Varity_R		0.86
gMVP		0.97

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs63750004; hg19: chr14-73640363;