14-73173665-G-T

Variant names:

• chr14-73173665-G-T
• rs63750391
• NM_000021.4:c.438G>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 23 ACMG points: 23P and 0B. PS1 PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000021.4(PSEN1):​c.438G>T​(p.Met146Ile) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another nucleotide change resulting in the same amino acid substitution has been previously reported as Pathogenic in Lovd. Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. M146L) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: PSEN1 NM_000021.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:2 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 10.0

Genes affected

PSEN1 (HGNC:9508): (presenilin 1) Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with an inherited form of the disease carry mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1; PSEN2) or in the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid-beta (main component of amyloid deposits found in AD brains). Presenilins are postulated to regulate APP processing through their effects on gamma-secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is thought that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor, such that they either directly regulate gamma-secretase activity or themselves are protease enzymes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene, the full-length nature of only some have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 23 ACMG points.

• PS1: Transcript NM_000021.4 (PSEN1) is affected with MISSENSE_VARIANT having same AA change as one Pathogenic present in Lovd
• PM1: In a transmembrane_region Helical (size 20) in uniprot entity PSN1_HUMAN there are 30 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000021.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr14-73173663-A-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].
• PP2: Missense variant in the PSEN1 gene, where missense mutations are typically associated with disease (based on misZ statistic). The gene has 113 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 14 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 2.1558 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 3.0986 (above the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to acne inversa, familial, 3, dilated cardiomyopathy, Alzheimer disease 3, early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease, semantic dementia, Pick disease, familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy 1U, behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.959
• PP5: Variant 14-73173665-G-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr14-73173665-G-T is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 98029.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr14-73173665-G-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PSEN1	NM_000021.4	c.438G>T	p.Met146Ile	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 12	ENST00000324501.10	NP_000012.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PSEN1	ENST00000324501.10	c.438G>T	p.Met146Ile	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 12	1	NM_000021.4	ENSP00000326366.5

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:1 Other:1

Jan 02, 2024

Athena Diagnostics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant has been identified in multiple unrelated individuals Alzheimer disease. This variant was not reported in large, multi-ethnic, general populations. (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org) This variant results in the same amino acid change as another variant considered to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic, strongly indicating this variant may also cause disease. Assessment of experimental evidence suggests this variant results in abnormal protein function. (PMID: 15718035) -

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VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

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Pick disease;C0338451:Frontotemporal dementia;C1843013:Alzheimer disease 3;C3151038:Acne inversa, familial, 3 Pathogenic:1

Jan 24, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces methionine, which is neutral and non-polar, with isoleucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 146 of the PSEN1 protein (p.Met146Ile). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individuals with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (PMID: 9007311, 9544835, 12552037). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 98029). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt PSEN1 protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. This variant disrupts the p.Met146 amino acid residue in PSEN1. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 7550356, 7596406, 10441572, 15622541, 15776278, 20164095, 23792692). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.98
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.57	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.58
CADD	Pathogenic	26
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.98	.;.;.;D;D;.;.;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.98
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.89
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	1.0	D;D;.;D;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.81	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.96	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.0	.;M;.;M;.;.;M;.
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.82	D
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.7	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.98
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0, 0.99, 0.99	.;D;D;D;.;D;.;.
Vest4		0.79, 0.99, 0.97, 0.93, 0.95
MutPred		0.82		.;Gain of catalytic residue at V144 (P = 0.001);.;Gain of catalytic residue at V144 (P = 0.001);Gain of catalytic residue at V144 (P = 0.001);.;Gain of catalytic residue at V144 (P = 0.001);.;
MVP		0.99
MPC		1.5
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		4.7
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		2.7
Varity_R		0.84
gMVP		0.96

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs63750391; hg19: chr14-73640373;