14-74259701-C-T

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points: 12P and 0B. PP3_StrongPP5_Very_Strong

The NM_182894.3(VSX2):c.679C>T(p.Arg227Trp) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000496 in 1,613,808 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000020 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000034 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

VSX2
NM_182894.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:7

Conservation

PhyloP100: 2.58

Publications

9 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

VSX2 (HGNC:1975): (visual system homeobox 2) This gene encodes a homeobox protein originally described as a retina-specific transcription factor. Mutations in this gene are associated with microphthalmia, cataracts and iris abnormalities. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

VSX2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

isolated microphthalmia 2
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: G2P
microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma 3
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia
microphthalmia
Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
isolated anophthalmia-microphthalmia syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

VSX2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.973

PP5

Variant 14-74259701-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr14-74259701-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 14862.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
VSX2	NM_182894.3 link	c.679C>T	p.Arg227Trp	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 5	ENST00000261980.3	NP_878314.1	P58304

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
VSX2	ENST00000261980.3 link	c.679C>T	p.Arg227Trp	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 5	1	NM_182894.3	ENSP00000261980.2		P58304

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152172

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000241

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000159

AC:

AN:

251100

AF XY:

0.0000221

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.0000615

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.0000289

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000342

AC:

AN:

1461636

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000550

AC XY:

AN XY:

727094

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33478

American (AMR)

AF:

0.0000224

AC:

AN:

44716

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26112

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.0000252

AC:

AN:

39690

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86238

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53414

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5764

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00000270

AC:

AN:

1111850

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

60374

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.495

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152172

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000135

AC XY:

AN XY:

74340

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000241

AC:

AN:

41432

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15282

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3472

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5188

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4834

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10628

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000294

AC:

AN:

68020

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2088

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.492

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Alfa

AF:

0.000295

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000113

ExAC

AF:

0.0000165

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:7

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Isolated microphthalmia 2

Pathogenic:3

Jan 14, 2023

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant is present in population databases (rs121912545, gnomAD 0.007%). This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with tryptophan, which is neutral and slightly polar, at codon 227 of the VSX2 protein (p.Arg227Trp). This missense change has been observed in individuals with microphthalmia (PMID: 15257456, 20414678). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects VSX2 function (PMID: 23028343). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt VSX2 protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 14862). -

Sep 01, 2004

OMIM

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:literature only

- -

Jan 08, 2025

Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Isolated microphthalmia 2;C1864721:Microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma 3

Pathogenic:1

Apr 15, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Anophthalmia;C0026010:Microphthalmia

Pathogenic:1

Dec 13, 2017

Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:research

- -

Microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma 3

Pathogenic:1

Jan 08, 2025

Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

VSX2-related Microphthalmia

Pathogenic:1

Apr 15, 2024

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: VSX2 c.679C>T (p.Arg227Trp) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the CVC domain (IPR023339) of the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 1.6e-05 in 251100 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.679C>T has been reported in the literature in several homozygous individuals affected with VSX2-related Microphthalmia (Bar-Yosef_2004). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. The following publication has been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 15257456). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 14862). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

1.0

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.31

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.38

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.88

Eigen

Uncertain

0.49

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.42

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.90

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

1.0

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.23

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.97

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

0.89

MutationAssessor

Uncertain

2.2

PhyloP100

2.6

PrimateAI

Pathogenic

0.94

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-7.9

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.84

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

Polyphen

1.0

Vest4

0.98

MutPred

0.88

Loss of phosphorylation at S229 (P = 0.0621);

MVP

0.92

MPC

0.84

ClinPred

0.99

GERP RS

3.2

Varity_R

0.90

gMVP

0.87

Mutation Taster

=15/85

disease causing

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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14-74259701-C-T

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over