15-27926169-C-G

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PM1PM2PM5PP3_StrongPP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000275.3(OCA2):c.2037G>C(p.Trp679Cys) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000632 in 1,613,984 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. W679R) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000066 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000063 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

OCA2
NM_000275.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:11

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.29

Publications

9 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

OCA2 (HGNC:8101): (OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein) This gene encodes the human homolog of the mouse p (pink-eyed dilution) gene. The encoded protein is believed to be an integral membrane protein involved in small molecule transport, specifically tyrosine, which is a precursor to melanin synthesis. It is involved in mammalian pigmentation, where it may control skin color variation and act as a determinant of brown or blue eye color. Mutations in this gene result in type 2 oculocutaneous albinism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

OCA2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

oculocutaneous albinism type 2
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet, Ambry Genetics, G2P, ClinGen

OCA2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 5 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 6 uncertain in NM_000275.3

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr15-27926171-A-G is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 1678658.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submission is: [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity].

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.966

PP5

Variant 15-27926169-C-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr15-27926169-C-G is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 960.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
OCA2	NM_000275.3 link	c.2037G>C	p.Trp679Cys	missense_variant	Exon 19 of 24	ENST00000354638.8	NP_000266.2	Q04671-1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
OCA2	ENST00000354638.8 link	c.2037G>C	p.Trp679Cys	missense_variant	Exon 19 of 24	1	NM_000275.3	ENSP00000346659.3		Q04671-1
OCA2	ENST00000353809.9 link	c.1965G>C	p.Trp655Cys	missense_variant	Exon 18 of 23	1		ENSP00000261276.8		Q04671-2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000657

AC:

AN:

152174

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.000283

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.000103

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000915

AC:

AN:

251266

AF XY:

0.000118

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.000277

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000150

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000629

AC:

AN:

1461810

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000605

AC XY:

AN XY:

727210

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33478

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26130

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39676

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86258

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.000225

AC:

AN:

53420

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5766

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000648

AC:

AN:

1111968

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000132

AC:

AN:

60390

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.468

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000657

AC:

AN:

152174

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000538

AC XY:

AN XY:

74330

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41440

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15282

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3472

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5188

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4826

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.000283

AC:

AN:

10618

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000103

AC:

AN:

68026

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2094

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.510

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Alfa

AF:

0.000112

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000793

ExAC

AF:

0.000148

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:11

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism

Pathogenic:4

Mar 02, 2020

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The OCA2 c.2037G>C (p.Trp679Cys) variant is a missense variant that has been reported in a compound heterozygous state with a second variant in trans in at least three unrelated individuals diagnosed with oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (Passmore et al. 1999; King et al. 2003; Simeonov et al. 2013). The variant, along with a second variant in the OCA2 gene, was also reported in an individual with a personal and family history of melanoma but no reported signs of oculocutaneous albinism; the phase of the two variants is unknown (Potjer et al. 2019). Another variant at the same amino acid residue, p.Tyr679Arg, was identified in a hemizygous state with a deletion of chromosome 15q in an individual diagnosed with oculocutaneous albinism type 2 and Prader-Willi syndrome (Lee et al. 1994). The p.Tyr679Cys variant is reported at a frequency of 0.000277 in the European (Finnish) population of the Genome Aggregation Consortium. Multiple in silico analyses predict that this variant is deleterious. Based on the available evidence and the application of ACMG criteria, the p.Tyr679Cys variant is classified as likely pathogenic for oculocutaneous albinism type 2. -

Sep 01, 2003

OMIM

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:literature only

- -

Nov 07, 2021

Genome-Nilou Lab

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Jun 02, 2022

MGZ Medical Genetics Center

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

not provided

Pathogenic:4

Aug 01, 2016

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Sep 06, 2017

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Jan 27, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces tryptophan, which is neutral and slightly polar, with cysteine, which is neutral and slightly polar, at codon 679 of the OCA2 protein (p.Trp679Cys). This variant is present in population databases (rs121918169, gnomAD 0.03%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with oculocutaneous albinism (PMID: 10987646, 12876664, 23504663). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 960). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt OCA2 protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Jun 25, 2024

GeneDx

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 23504663, 12876664, 10987646, 23824587, 30414346, 7874125, 33050356, 31429209) -

Oculocutaneous albinism

Pathogenic:1

Jun 06, 2023

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: OCA2 c.2037G>C (p.Trp679Cys) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the Citrate transporter-like domain (IPR004680) of the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 9.2e-05 in 251266 control chromosomes (gnomAD). This frequency is not higher than the estimated maximum expected for a pathogenic variant in OCA2 causing Oculocutaneous Albinism (0.0043), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. The variant, c.2037G>C, has been reported in the literature in multiple compound heterozygous individuals affected with Oculocutaneous Albinism (e.g. King_2003, Passmore_1999, Simeonov_2013, Kessel_2021). These data indicate that the variant is likely to be associated with disease. In addition, this variant was also reported in heterozygous individuals affected with melanoma (e.g. Potjer_2019, Stolarova_2020) and retinal disease (Holtan_2020), however the significance of these findings is unclear. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 12876664, 10987646, 23504663, 30414346, 31429209, 33050356, 33612058). Eight submitters have provided clinical-significance assessments for this variant in ClinVar after 2014, and classified the variant as pathogenic (n=2) / likely pathogenic (n=5) or VUS (n=1). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely pathogenic. -

SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION 1, BLUE/NONBLUE EYES

Pathogenic:1

Jul 20, 2023

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism;C1856895:SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION 1, BLUE/NONBLUE EYES

Pathogenic:1

Jun 20, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.99

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.32

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.47

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

0.99

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.96

.;D

Eigen

Pathogenic

1.0

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.94

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.97

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

0.98

D;D

M_CAP

Benign

0.061

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.97

D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.1

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.7

.;H

PhyloP100

7.3

PrimateAI

Pathogenic

0.86

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-12

D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.91

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D

Polyphen

1.0

D;D

Vest4

0.93

MutPred

0.92

.;Loss of helix (P = 0.028);

MVP

0.95

MPC

0.61

ClinPred

1.0

GERP RS

5.8

Varity_R

0.82

gMVP

0.98

Mutation Taster

=2/98

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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15-27926169-C-G

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over