15-27926186-G-T

Variant names:

• chr15-27926186-G-T
• rs371412500
• NM_000275.3:c.2020C>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 7 ACMG points: 7P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3

The NM_000275.3(OCA2):​c.2020C>A​(p.Leu674Ile) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000131 in 152,192 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. L674V) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 (0 hom., cov: 33)
• Consequence: OCA2 NM_000275.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.46
• Publications: 2 publications found

Genes affected

OCA2 (HGNC:8101): (OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein) This gene encodes the human homolog of the mouse p (pink-eyed dilution) gene. The encoded protein is believed to be an integral membrane protein involved in small molecule transport, specifically tyrosine, which is a precursor to melanin synthesis. It is involved in mammalian pigmentation, where it may control skin color variation and act as a determinant of brown or blue eye color. Mutations in this gene result in type 2 oculocutaneous albinism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

OCA2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• oculocutaneous albinism type 2

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet, Ambry Genetics, G2P, ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 7 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 5 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 4 uncertain in NM_000275.3
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr15-27926186-G-C is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 194918.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.821

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
OCA2	NM_000275.3	c.2020C>A	p.Leu674Ile	missense_variant	Exon 19 of 24	ENST00000354638.8	NP_000266.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
OCA2	ENST00000354638.8	c.2020C>A	p.Leu674Ile	missense_variant	Exon 19 of 24	1	NM_000275.3	ENSP00000346659.3
OCA2	ENST00000353809.9	c.1948C>A	p.Leu650Ile	missense_variant	Exon 18 of 23	1		ENSP00000261276.8

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000131 AC: 2 AN: 152192 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0000483

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000131 AC: 2 AN: 152192 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.0000134 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 74350

African (AFR) AF: 0.0000483 AC: 2 AN: 41444

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 15278

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3472

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5196

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4834

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10618

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 314

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 68032

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2092

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000756

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

not specified Uncertain:1

Apr 12, 2024

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: OCA2 c.2020C>A (p.Leu674Ile) results in a conservative amino acid change located in the Citrate transporter-like domain (IPR004680) of the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant was absent in 251282 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. To our knowledge, no occurrence of c.2020C>A in individuals affected with Oculocutaneous Albinism and no experimental evidence demonstrating its impact on protein function have been reported. No submitters have cited clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.15
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.21	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.060
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.0	.;D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.61
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.63
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.91	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.94	D;D
M_CAP	Benign	0.030	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.82	D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.26	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.0	.;M
PhyloP100		2.5
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.78	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.2	N;N
REVEL	Uncertain	0.60
Sift	Benign	0.060	T;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.094	T;T
Vest4		0.66
ClinPred		0.93	D
GERP RS		5.8
Varity_R		0.27
gMVP		0.71

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs371412500; hg19: chr15-28171332;