15-27983383-T-C

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 11 ACMG points: 12P and 1B. PM1PP3_ModeratePP5_Very_StrongBS2_Supporting

The NM_000275.3(OCA2):c.1465A>G(p.Asn489Asp) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000673 in 1,614,036 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 2 homozygotes. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. N489Y) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.00039 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00070 ( 2 hom. )

Consequence

OCA2
NM_000275.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:19

Conservation

PhyloP100: 5.59

Publications

23 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

OCA2 (HGNC:8101): (OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein) This gene encodes the human homolog of the mouse p (pink-eyed dilution) gene. The encoded protein is believed to be an integral membrane protein involved in small molecule transport, specifically tyrosine, which is a precursor to melanin synthesis. It is involved in mammalian pigmentation, where it may control skin color variation and act as a determinant of brown or blue eye color. Mutations in this gene result in type 2 oculocutaneous albinism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

OCA2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

oculocutaneous albinism type 2
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet, Ambry Genetics, G2P, ClinGen

OCA2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 11 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 5 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 7 uncertain in NM_000275.3

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.844

PP5

Variant 15-27983383-T-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr15-27983383-T-C is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 961.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

BS2

High Homozygotes in GnomAdExome4 at 2 AR geneVariant has number of homozygotes lower than other variant known as pathogenic in the gene, so the strength is limited to Supporting.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
OCA2	NM_000275.3 link	c.1465A>G	p.Asn489Asp	missense_variant	Exon 14 of 24	ENST00000354638.8	NP_000266.2	Q04671-1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
OCA2	ENST00000354638.8 link	c.1465A>G	p.Asn489Asp	missense_variant	Exon 14 of 24	1	NM_000275.3	ENSP00000346659.3		Q04671-1
OCA2	ENST00000353809.9 link	c.1393A>G	p.Asn465Asp	missense_variant	Exon 13 of 23	1		ENSP00000261276.8		Q04671-2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.000394

AC:

AN:

152146

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.000266

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.0000655

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.000706

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.000350

AC:

AN:

251496

AF XY:

0.000361

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.000185

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.0000289

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000694

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000489

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000703

AC:

1027

AN:

1461890

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000708

AC XY:

515

AN XY:

727246

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000896

AC:

AN:

33480

American (AMR)

AF:

0.0000671

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.0000232

AC:

AN:

86258

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.0000187

AC:

AN:

53418

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000890

AC:

990

AN:

1112010

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000464

AC:

AN:

60396

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.465

Heterozygous variant carriers

116

173

231

289

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Exome Hom

Variant carriers

126

168

210

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.000394

AC:

AN:

152146

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000256

AC XY:

AN XY:

74342

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.000266

AC:

AN:

41426

American (AMR)

AF:

0.0000655

AC:

AN:

15272

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3470

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5192

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4824

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10618

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000706

AC:

AN:

68022

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2094

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.503

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.000633

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.000446

TwinsUK

AF:

0.000270

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.000778

AC:

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.000681

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000465

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.000313

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.000382

EpiControl

AF:

0.000771

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:19

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Pathogenic:9

Jan 12, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces asparagine, which is neutral and polar, with aspartic acid, which is acidic and polar, at codon 489 of the OCA2 protein (p.Asn489Asp). This variant is present in population databases (rs121918170, gnomAD 0.07%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with oculocutaneous albinism (PMID: 12876664, 18463683, 29345414). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 961). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt OCA2 protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. Experimental studies are conflicting or provide insufficient evidence to determine the effect of this variant on OCA2 function (PMID: 25513726). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Jul 27, 2021

Revvity Omics, Revvity

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Clinical Genetics DNA and cytogenetics Diagnostics Lab, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Medical Center

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Jun 23, 2017

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Jun 30, 2025

GeneDx

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 13680365, 30665703, 31233279, 9259203, 19060277, 23345203, 25513726, 20801516, 12876664, 18326704, 18463683, 24118800, 21541274, 29345414, 28667292, 30414346, 31206972, 31589614, 38219857, 34758253, 23824587, 34662886, 34361043, 31980526) -

Jan 01, 2024

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

OCA2: PM3:Very Strong, PM2, PP3, PP4 -

Joint Genome Diagnostic Labs from Nijmegen and Maastricht, Radboudumc and MUMC+

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism

Pathogenic:6

Nov 07, 2021

Genome-Nilou Lab

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Oct 14, 2016

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Sep 01, 2003

OMIM

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:literature only

- -

Oct 19, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The TCN2 c.497_498delTC (p.Leu166ProfsTer7) variant results in a frameshift, and is predicted to result in premature termination of the protein. The p.Leu166ProfsTer7 variant has been reported in two studies and is found in a total of four unrelated probands with transcobalamin II deficiency including three in a homozygous state and one in a compound heterozygous state (Schiff et al. 2010; Trakadis et al. 2014). Control data are unavailable for this variant, which is reported at a frequency of 0.00048 in the African population of the Exome Aggregation Consortium. Based on the evidence and the potential impact of frameshift variants, the p.Leu166ProfsTer7 variant is classified as pathogenic for transcobalamin II deficiency. This variant was observed by ICSL as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. -

Oct 30, 2023

Zotz-Klimas Genetics Lab, MVZ Zotz Klimas

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Genomics England Pilot Project, Genomics England

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Oculocutaneous albinism

Pathogenic:1

Dec 12, 2023

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: OCA2 c.1465A>G (p.Asn489Asp) results in a conservative amino acid change located in the Citrate transporter-like domain (IPR004680) of the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00035 in 251496 control chromosomes (gnomAD). This frequency is not significantly higher than estimated for a pathogenic variant in OCA2 causing Oculocutaneous Albinism (0.00035 vs 0.0043), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.1465A>G has been reported in the literature in multiple individuals affected with Oculocutaneous Albinism (example: Lasseaux_2018). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. The following publication has been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 29345414). Eleven submitters have cited clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014. All submitters classified the variant as pathogenic/likely pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION 1, BLUE/NONBLUE EYES

Pathogenic:1

Mar 26, 2024

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

OCA2-related disorder

Pathogenic:1

Aug 20, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

The OCA2 c.1465A>G variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Asn489Asp. This variant has been reported to be causative for autosomal recessive oculocutaneous albinism (Spritz et al. 1997. PubMed ID: 9259203; King et al. 2003. PubMed ID: 13680365; King et al. 2003. PubMed ID: 12876664; Hutton and Spritz. 2008. PubMed ID: 18326704). This variant is reported in 0.067% of alleles in individuals of European (Non-Finnish) descent in gnomAD. This variant has been reported to be one of three recurrent pathogenic variants in the OCA2 gene and accounts for one of the alleles in ~7% of OCAII cases (Hutton and Spritz. 2008. PubMed ID: 18463683). Given the evidence, we interpret this variant as pathogenic. -

Tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism;C1856895:SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION 1, BLUE/NONBLUE EYES

Pathogenic:1

Oct 31, 2018

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.92

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.0025

BayesDel_noAF

Uncertain

0.13

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.96

.;D

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.86

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.77

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.96

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

1.0

D;D

M_CAP

Benign

0.061

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.84

D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.0

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.7

.;H

PhyloP100

5.6

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.73

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-4.8

D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.85

Sift

Uncertain

0.0050

D;D

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D

Polyphen

1.0

D;D

Vest4

0.84

MVP

0.99

MPC

0.51

ClinPred

0.85

GERP RS

5.3

Varity_R

0.89

gMVP

0.99

Mutation Taster

=1/99

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over