15-72346526-C-T

Position:

• chr15-72346526-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000520.6(HEXA):​c.1330+1G>A variant causes a splice donor, intron change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000137 in 1,461,494 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: HEXA NM_000520.6 splice_donor, intron
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 1.000
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:6
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.73

Genes affected

HEXA (HGNC:4878): (hexosaminidase subunit alpha) This gene encodes a member of the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family of proteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the alpha subunit of the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase. This enzyme, together with the cofactor GM2 activator protein, catalyzes the degradation of the ganglioside GM2, and other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines. Mutations in this gene lead to an accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in neurons, the underlying cause of neurodegenerative disorders termed the GM2 gangliosidoses, including Tay-Sachs disease (GM2-gangliosidosis type I). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

ENSG00000261460 (HGNC:58304):

ENSG00000260729 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Splicing +-2 bp (donor or acceptor) variant, LoF is a know mechanism of disease, No cryptic splice site detected. Exon removal results in frameshift change.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 15-72346526-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr15-72346526-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 371490.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
HEXA	NM_000520.6	c.1330+1G>A		splice_donor_variant, intron_variant		ENST00000268097.10	NP_000511.2
HEXA	NM_001318825.2	c.1363+1G>A		splice_donor_variant, intron_variant			NP_001305754.1
HEXA	NR_134869.3	n.1116-201G>A		intron_variant

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
HEXA	ENST00000268097.10	c.1330+1G>A		splice_donor_variant, intron_variant		1	NM_000520.6	ENSP00000268097.6
ENSG00000260729	ENST00000379915.4	n.413-201G>A		intron_variant		2		ENSP00000478716.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000398 AC: 1 AN: 250950 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 135768

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.0000289

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000137 AC: 2 AN: 1461494 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727078

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.0000447

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ExAC AF: 0.00000824 AC: 1

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:6

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Tay-Sachs disease Pathogenic:5

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Aug 24, 2020	Variant summary: HEXA c.1330+1G>A is located in a canonical splice-site and is predicted to affect mRNA splicing resulting in a significantly altered protein due to either exon skipping, shortening, or inclusion of intronic material. Several computational tools predict a significant impact on normal splicing: Three predict that the variant abolishes a 5' splicing donor site. However, these predictions have yet to be confirmed by functional studies. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 4e-06 in 250950 control chromosomes. c.1330+1G>A has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with Tay-Sachs Disease and Juvenile GM2 gangliosidosis (e.g. Montalvo_2005, Maegawa_2006, Zampieri_2012). Patient cells with the variant were shown to have reduced levels of HEXA enzyme activity (e.g. Maegawa_2006). These data indicate that the variant is likely to be associated with disease. Two other clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. Both laboratories cited the variant as pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Natera, Inc.	Mar 17, 2017	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Oct 04, 2016	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Oct 13, 2023	This sequence change affects a donor splice site in intron 11 of the HEXA gene. It is expected to disrupt RNA splicing. Variants that disrupt the donor or acceptor splice site typically lead to a loss of protein function (PMID: 16199547), and loss-of-function variants in HEXA are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 1833974, 8490625). This variant is present in population databases (rs767041069, gnomAD 0.003%). Disruption of this splice site has been observed in individual(s) with Tay-Sachs disease (PMID: 16088929, 22441121). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 371490). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego	-	This variant affects the canonical splice donor site of intron 11 and is therefore predicted to interfere with splicing and result in loss of normal protein function through either protein truncation or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). This variant has been previously reported as a compound heterozygous or homozygous change in patients with infantile Tay-Sachs disease, Tay-Sachs disease, and late onset Tay-Sachs disease (PMID:16088929, 22441121). The c.1330+1G>A variant is present in the heterozygous state in the gnomAD population database at a frequency of 0.0004% (1/250950) and is absent in the homozygous state, thus it is presumed to be rare. Based on the available evidence, the c.1330+1G>A variant is classified as Pathogenic. -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

May 06, 2019

Canonical splice site variant in a gene for which loss-of-function is a known mechanism of disease; Not observed at a significant frequency in large population cohorts (Lek et al., 2016); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 16088929, 22441121) -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.57	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.45
CADD	Pathogenic	32
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.2
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	1.1
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
GERP RS		5.9
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Pathogenic	1.0
dbscSNV1_RF	Pathogenic	0.92
SpliceAI score (max)		1.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_DL_spliceai		1.0		Position offset: 1

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs767041069; hg19: chr15-72638867;