15-72350575-C-T

Variant names:

• chr15-72350575-C-T
• rs1057521137
• NM_000520.6:c.748G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 11 ACMG points: 11P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong PP5

The NM_000520.6(HEXA):​c.748G>A​(p.Gly250Ser) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000103 in 1,461,712 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. G250V) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000010 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: HEXA NM_000520.6 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:2 U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.81
• Publications: 4 publications found

Genes affected

HEXA (HGNC:4878): (hexosaminidase subunit alpha) This gene encodes a member of the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family of proteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the alpha subunit of the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase. This enzyme, together with the cofactor GM2 activator protein, catalyzes the degradation of the ganglioside GM2, and other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines. Mutations in this gene lead to an accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in neurons, the underlying cause of neurodegenerative disorders termed the GM2 gangliosidoses, including Tay-Sachs disease (GM2-gangliosidosis type I). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

HEXA Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Tay-Sachs disease

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Myriad Women’s Health, Genomics England PanelApp, G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen

ENSG00000261460 (HGNC:58304):

ENSG00000260729 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 11 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 4 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 2 benign, 6 uncertain in NM_000520.6
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr15-72350574-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 3902.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.96
• PP5: Variant 15-72350575-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr15-72350575-C-T is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 381668.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
HEXA	NM_000520.6	c.748G>A	p.Gly250Ser	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 14	ENST00000268097.10	NP_000511.2
HEXA	NM_001318825.2	c.781G>A	p.Gly261Ser	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 14		NP_001305754.1
HEXA	NR_134869.3	n.790G>A		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 7 of 11

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
HEXA	ENST00000268097.10	c.748G>A	p.Gly250Ser	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 14	1	NM_000520.6	ENSP00000268097.6
ENSG00000260729	ENST00000379915.4	n.413-4250G>A		intron_variant	Intron 3 of 15	2		ENSP00000478716.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000103 AC: 15 AN: 1461712 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000963 AC XY: 7 AN XY: 727166

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33472

American (AMR) AF: 0.0000447 AC: 2 AN: 44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26132

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39700

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86256

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53416

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5746

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000117 AC: 13 AN: 1111888

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60378

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2 Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:2

Oct 12, 2021

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

DNA sequence analysis of the HEXA gene demonstrated a sequence change, c.748G>A, in exon 7 that results in an amino acid change, p.Gly250Ser. This sequence change is absent in the gnomAD population database. This sequence change does not appear to have been described in individuals with HEXA-related disorders. However, a different sequence change affecting the same amino acid residue (p.Gly250Asp) has been described in a family with juvenile onset Tay Sachs disease (PMID: 1301189). The p.Gly250Ser change affects a highly conserved amino acid residue located in a domain of the HEXA protein that is known to be functional. The p.Gly250Ser substitution appears to be deleterious using several in-silico pathogenicity prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen2, Align GVGD, REVEL). Functional studies show p.Gly250Ser disrupts the activity of the HEXA protein (PMIDs: 7717398, 17259242). Collectively this evidence indicates p.Gly250Ser is likely pathogenic. -

Sep 17, 2019

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Published functional studies demonstrate a damaging effect; Enzymatic activity in a cell model demonstrated a decrease to 4% of WT.; Not observed in large population cohorts (Lek et al., 2016); The majority of missense variants in this gene are considered pathogenic (Stenson et al., 2014); In silico analysis, which includes protein predictors and evolutionary conservation, supports a deleterious effect; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 17259242, 7717398) -

Tay-Sachs disease Uncertain:2

Dec 14, 2017

Counsyl

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

This submission and the accompanying classification are no longer maintained by the submitter. For more information on current observations and classification, please contact variantquestions@myriad.com. -

Jul 21, 2022

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, with serine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 250 of the HEXA protein (p.Gly250Ser). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with HEXA-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 381668). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt HEXA protein function. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects HEXA function (PMID: 17259242). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

not specified Uncertain:1

Jan 17, 2024

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: HEXA c.748G>A (p.Gly250Ser) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the Glycoside hydrolase family 20, catalytic domain (IPR015883) of the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant was absent in 251484 control chromosomes. To our knowledge, c.748G>A has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with Tay-Sachs Disease. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function, showing the variant results in 10%-15% of normal enzymatic activity in vitro (e.g. Martin_2007). The following publication has been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 17259242). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 381668). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as VUS-possibly pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.78
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.57	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.59
CADD	Pathogenic	26
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.98	D;.;D
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.0
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.98
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	1.0	D;D;D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.18	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.96	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.5	M;.;.
PhyloP100		7.8
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.70	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-5.8	D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.95
Sift	Uncertain	0.0030	D;D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0050	D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.;.
Vest4		0.97
MVP		1.0
MPC		0.75
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.9
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.97
gMVP		0.91
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.020		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1057521137; hg19: chr15-72642916;