15-90765412-GATGTAAGTT-G

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 9 ACMG points: 9P and 0B. PP3PP5_Very_Strong

The ENST00000559724.5(BLM):n.*1116_*1117+7delATGTAAGTT variant causes a splice region, non coding transcript exon change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000139 in 1,586,752 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000014 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

BLM
ENST00000559724.5 splice_region, non_coding_transcript_exon

Scores

Not classified

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:8

Conservation

PhyloP100: 9.87

Publications

0 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

BLM (HGNC:1058): (BLM RecQ like helicase) The Bloom syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth deficiency, microcephaly and immunodeficiency among others. It is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding DNA helicase RecQ protein on chromosome 15q26. This Bloom-associated helicase unwinds a variety of DNA substrates including Holliday junction, and is involved in several pathways contributing to the maintenance of genome stability. Identification of pathogenic Bloom variants is required for heterozygote testing in at-risk families. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

BLM Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

Bloom syndrome
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, MODERATE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Myriad Women’s Health, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Orphanet, Genomics England PanelApp, ClinGen
osteosarcoma
Inheritance: AR Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
breast cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: Ambry Genetics

BLM links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 9 ACMG points.

PP3

No computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, but strongly conserved according to phyloP

PP5

Variant 15-90765412-GATGTAAGTT-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr15-90765412-GATGTAAGTT-G is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 405328.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
BLM	NM_000057.4 link	c.2193+1_2193+9delGTAAGTTAT		splice_donor_variant, splice_region_variant, intron_variant	Intron 9 of 21	ENST00000355112.8	NP_000048.1	P54132

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
BLM	ENST00000355112.8 link	c.2192_2193+7delATGTAAGTT	p.Ile732AlafsTer685	frameshift_variant, splice_donor_variant, splice_region_variant, intron_variant	Exon 9 of 22	1	NM_000057.4	ENSP00000347232.3		P54132

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152142

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000241

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.00000398

AC:

AN:

251064

AF XY:

0.00000737

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00000880

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000139

AC:

AN:

1434610

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000140

AC XY:

AN XY:

715276

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

32820

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44680

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

25992

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39534

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

85656

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

52974

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5722

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000184

AC:

AN:

1087736

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

59496

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.485

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152142

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000135

AC XY:

AN XY:

74316

show subpopulations

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000241

AC:

AN:

41420

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15278

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3472

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5198

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4830

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10606

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000147

AC:

AN:

68024

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2086

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5. (p-value = 0.00000000770867), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.400

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.00

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000264

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:8

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Bloom syndrome

Pathogenic:6

Nov 07, 2017

Natera, Inc.

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Nov 15, 2023

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Aug 26, 2016

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: The BLM c.2193+1_2193+9delGTAAGTTAT variant involves the deletion of 9 intronic nucleotides including the highly conserved nucleotides at the +1 and +2 positions. One in silico tool predicts a damaging outcome for this variant and 5/5 in silico splicing prediction tools via Alamut predict the complete loss of a canonical splice acceptor site. This variant is absent in 120322 control chromosomes. The variant of interest has not, to our knowledge, been reported in affected individuals via publications and/or reputable databases/clinical diagnostic laboratories; nor evaluated for functional impact by in vivo/vitro studies. Taken together, due to the potential impact of this variant on splicing, it is classified as likely pathogenic. -

Mar 28, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Sep 12, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change affects a splice site in intron 9 of the BLM gene. RNA analysis indicates that disruption of this splice site induces altered splicing and may result in an absent or altered protein product. This variant is present in population databases (no rsID available, gnomAD 0.0009%). Disruption of this splice site has been observed in individual(s) with Bloom syndrome (PMID: 17407155). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 405328). Studies have shown that disruption of this splice site results in skipping of exon 9, and produces a non-functional protein and/or introduces a premature termination codon (internal data). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Mar 24, 2017

Counsyl

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

This submission and the accompanying classification are no longer maintained by the submitter. For more information on current observations and classification, please contact variantquestions@myriad.com. -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Oct 08, 2023

GeneDx

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Canonical splice site variant predicted to result in a null allele in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 17407155) -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Pathogenic:1

Dec 07, 2023

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The c.2193+1_2193+9delGTAAGTTAT intronic variant results from a deletion of 9 nucleotides after coding exon 8 of the BLM gene. The deleted region includes the canonical splice donor site which is highly conserved. In silico splice site analysis predicts that this alteration will weaken the native splice donor site; however, direct evidence is insufficient at this time (Ambry internal data). This variant is considered to be rare based on population cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Alterations that disrupt the canonical splice site are expected to cause aberrant splicing, resulting in an abnormal protein or a transcript that is subject to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. As such, this alteration is classified as likely pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

PhyloP100

9.9

Mutation Taster

=0/200

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over