16-23607924-G-C

Variant names:

• chr16-23607924-G-C
• rs587781308
• NM_024675.4:c.3290C>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 3 ACMG points: 3P and 0B. PM2 PP3

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):​c.3290C>G​(p.Pro1097Arg) variant causes a missense change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 31)
• Consequence: PALB2 NM_024675.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:7
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.58

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ENSG00000261723 (HGNC:58305):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 3 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.832

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4	c.3290C>G	p.Pro1097Arg	missense_variant	Exon 12 of 13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9	c.3290C>G	p.Pro1097Arg	missense_variant	Exon 12 of 13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 31

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:7

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:3

May 30, 2024

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Observed in an individual with breast cancer (PMID: 25186627); Published functional studies demonstrate abnormal homologous recombination/nonhomologous end-joining DNA repair, but no impact on protein expression (PMID: 33964450); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 25186627, 33964450, 24485656, 19609323, 20871615) -

Mar 10, 2023

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

It has not been reported in large, multi-ethnic general populations (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org). In the published literature, the variant has been reported in individuals affected with breast cancer (PMID: 25186627 (2015)). A functional study demonstrated abnormal homologous recombination and nonhomologous end-joining DNA repair, however, there was no impact on protein expression or stability (PMID: 33964450 (2021)). Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded predictions that this variant is damaging. Additional analysis using software algorithms for the prediction of the effect of nucleotide changes on PALB2 mRNA splicing yielded predictions that this variant may result in the gain of a cryptic splice site without affecting the natural splice sites . Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant. -

Jan 03, 2017

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: The PALB2 c.3290C>G (p.Pro1097Arg) variant involves the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. 4/5 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. This variant is absent in 121402 control chromosomes. In addition, multiple clinical diagnostic laboratories/reputable databases classified this variant as uncertain significance. The variant of interest has not, to our knowledge, been reported in affected individuals via publications and/or reputable databases/clinical diagnostic laboratories; nor evaluated for functional impact by in vivo/vitro studies. Because of the absence of clinical information and the lack of functional studies, the variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) until additional information becomes available. -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:3

Jan 22, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces proline, which is neutral and non-polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 1097 of the PALB2 protein (p.Pro1097Arg). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with breast cancer (PMID: 25186627). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 140834). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects PALB2 function (PMID: 33964450). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Mar 28, 2024

Baylor Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

May 13, 2019

Leiden Open Variation Database

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: curation

Curators: Marc Tischkowitz, Arleen D. Auerbach. Submitter to LOVD: Marc Tischkowitz. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1

Mar 05, 2025

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.P1097R variant (also known as c.3290C>G), located in coding exon 12 of the PALB2 gene, results from a C to G substitution at nucleotide position 3290. The proline at codon 1097 is replaced by arginine, an amino acid with dissimilar properties. One study identified this alteration in 1/2158 breast cancer patients who were tested with a 25-gene panel (Tung N et al. Cancer. 2015 Jan;121:25-33). This alteration was found to be functionally abnormal in a DNA-repair assay (Brnich SE et al. J Mol Diagn 2021 Jul;23(7):847-864). This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.92
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.33	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.23
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.15	T;T
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.86
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.85
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.88	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.81	T;T
M_CAP	Benign	0.074	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.83	D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	-0.13	T
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.0	.;M
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.60	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-7.6	D;D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.44
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.015	D;D
Polyphen		1.0	.;D
Vest4		0.92
MutPred		0.43		.;Loss of ubiquitination at K1098 (P = 0.037);
MVP		0.94
MPC		0.35
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		6.1
Varity_R		0.90
gMVP		0.73

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.070		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs587781308; hg19: chr16-23619245;