16-23614073-T-G

Variant names:

• chr16-23614073-T-G
• rs587780216
• NM_024675.4:c.3132A>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 1 ACMG points: 2P and 1B. PM2 BP6

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):​c.3132A>C​(p.Gln1044His) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000342 in 1,459,946 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another nucleotide change resulting in the same amino acid substitution has been previously reported as Uncertain significance in ClinVar. Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. Q1044K) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000034 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PALB2 NM_024675.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:2 B:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.0950
• Publications: 5 publications found

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• hereditary breast carcinoma

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
• Fanconi anemia complementation group N

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
• pancreatic cancer, susceptibility to, 3

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• familial ovarian cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: ClinGen
• Fanconi anemia

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

ENSG00000261723 (HGNC:58305):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 1 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP6: Variant 16-23614073-T-G is Benign according to our data. Variant chr16-23614073-T-G is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 128138.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4	c.3132A>C	p.Gln1044His	missense_variant	Exon 11 of 13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9	c.3132A>C	p.Gln1044His	missense_variant	Exon 11 of 13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000342 AC: 5 AN: 1459946 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 726420

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33438

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44710

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26102

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39656

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86136

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53354

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5766

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000450 AC: 5 AN: 1110458

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60326

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2 Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1

Aug 05, 2016

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is denoted PALB2 c.3132A>C at the cDNA level, p.Gln1044His (Q1044H) at the protein level, and results in the change of a Glutamine to a Histidine (CAA>CAC). This variant has not, to our knowledge, been published in the literature as pathogenic or benign. PALB2 Gln1044His was not observed in approximately 6,500 individuals of European and African American ancestry in the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, indicating it is not a common benign variant in these populations. Since Glutamine and Histidine differ in some properties, this is considered a semi-conservative amino acid substitution and may affect protein integrity. PALB2 Gln1044His occurs at a position that is highly conserved across species and is located in within a region that interacts with RAD51 and BRCA2 as well as the WD4 repeat region. In silico analyses predict that this variant is probably damaging to protein structure and function. Based on currently available information, it is unclear whether PALB2 Gln1044His is pathogenic or benign. We consider it to be a variant of uncertain significance. -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Jul 25, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces glutamine, which is neutral and polar, with histidine, which is basic and polar, at codon 1044 of the PALB2 protein (p.Gln1044His). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with PALB2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 128138). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt PALB2 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change does not substantially affect PALB2 function (PMID: 31636395). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Benign:1

Jun 02, 2025

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.36
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.015	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.26
CADD	Benign	21
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.12	T;T
Eigen	Uncertain	0.23
Eigen_PC	Benign	0.10
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.64	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.88	D;D
M_CAP	Benign	0.030	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.62	D;D
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.82	T
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.1	.;M
PhyloP100		0.095
PrimateAI	Benign	0.48	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-4.1	D;D
REVEL	Benign	0.23
Sift	Uncertain	0.0040	D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D
Polyphen		1.0	.;D
Vest4		0.76
MutPred		0.35		.;Gain of catalytic residue at L1046 (P = 0.0706);
MVP		0.48
MPC		0.33
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		-2.2
Varity_R		0.65
gMVP		0.44
Mutation Taster		=57/43	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.030		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs587780216; hg19: chr16-23625394;