16-23624022-T-C

Position:

chr16-23624022-T-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -1 ACMG points: 0P and 1B. BP4

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):c.2821A>G(p.Ile941Val) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000565 in 1,591,624 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000056 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PALB2
NM_024675.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:7B:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 4.77

Variant links:

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 links:

(HGNC:):

links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -1 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.39712444).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4 linkuse as main transcript	c.2821A>G	p.Ile941Val	missense_variant	8/13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9 linkuse as main transcript	c.2821A>G	p.Ile941Val	missense_variant	8/13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584	P1
	ENST00000561764.1 linkuse as main transcript	n.542T>C		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	4/4	2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.00000657

AC:

AN:

152178

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.0000655

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000199

AC:

AN:

250838

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000147

AC XY:

AN XY:

135674

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.000116

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00000882

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000556

AC:

AN:

1439446

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000418

AC XY:

AN XY:

717414

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.0000895

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000366

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.00000657

AC:

AN:

152178

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000135

AC XY:

AN XY:

74336

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.0000655

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000282

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.00000378

ExAC

AF:

0.0000247

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:7Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Uncertain:2Benign:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Oct 27, 2022	Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Observed in individuals with breast, ovarian, or colon cancer (Zidan et al., 2017; Moradian et al., 2021); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 28828701, 33558524, 28873162, 19609323, 20871615, 24485656) -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano	May 03, 2021	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen	Dec 01, 2023	PALB2: BP4 -

Familial cancer of breast

Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Dec 06, 2023	This sequence change replaces isoleucine, which is neutral and non-polar, with valine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 941 of the PALB2 protein (p.Ile941Val). This variant is present in population databases (rs778602038, gnomAD 0.01%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with breast and/or ovarian cancer (PMID: 28828701, 33558524). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 460961). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt PALB2 protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, no assertion criteria provided	research	Center of Medical Genetics and Primary Health Care	Apr 08, 2020	ACMG Guidelines 2015 criteria PM1 Pathogenic Moderate: WD40 repeat-like (V872-1185 aa) domain, which serves as platform for the assembly of protein complexes (e.g., BRCA1 / RAD51) or mediators of transient interplay among other proteins. Hot spot has 283 non-VUS coding variants (146 pathogenic and 137 benign), pathogenicity = 51.6% > threshold 17.2%. PM2 Pathogenic Moderate: GnomAD exomes allele frequency = 0.0000199 < 0.0001 threshold for recessive gene PALB2. Variant not found in GnomAD genomes. PP3 Pathogenic Supporting: 8 pathogenic predictions from DANN, EIGEN, FATHMM-MKL, MutationAssessor, MutationTaster, SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Align-GVGD vs 5 benign predictions from DEOGEN2, M-CAP, MVP, PrimateAI and REVEL. PP4 Pathogenic Supporting: Female patient was diagnosed with bilateral breast cancer at the age of 55 y.o. with strong family history of breast cancer. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	May 08, 2023	The p.I941V variant (also known as c.2821A>G), located in coding exon 8 of the PALB2 gene, results from an A to G substitution at nucleotide position 2821. The isoleucine at codon 941 is replaced by valine, an amino acid with highly similar properties. This alteration has been identified in different cancer cohorts and in controls (Mandelker D. et al. JAMA. 2017;318(9):825-835; Hauke J. et al. Cancer Med. 2018;7(4):1349-1358; Weitzel JN et al. Cancer, 2019 Aug;125:2829-2836; Moradian MM et al. Hum Genome Var, 2021 Feb;8:9). This alteration was also identified in 1/68 non-Jewish Israeli individuals determined to be at high-risk for breast/ovarian cancer (Zidan J et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2017 Dec;166:881-885).This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Mar 28, 2022	This missense variant replaces isoleucine with valine at codon 941 of the PALB2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has been observed in an individual affected with bilateral breast cancer with positive family history of breast cancer (PMID: 33558524), as well as in two individuals affected with breast cancer in a case-control study (PMID: 33471991). This variant has been identified in 5/250838 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Familial cancer of breast;C1835817:Fanconi anemia complementation group N;C3150547:Pancreatic cancer, susceptibility to, 3

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Feb 12, 2022

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.31

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.22

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.33

CADD

Uncertain

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.14

T;T

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.74

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.72

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.91

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.88

D;D

M_CAP

Benign

0.020

MetaRNN

Benign

0.40

T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.72

MutationAssessor

Uncertain

2.6

.;M

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.58

PROVEAN

Benign

-0.77

N;N

REVEL

Benign

0.17

Sift

Uncertain

0.016

D;D

Sift4G

Benign

0.091

T;D

Polyphen

1.0

.;D

Vest4

0.53

MutPred

0.40

.;Loss of helix (P = 0.2271);

MVP

0.54

MPC

0.32

ClinPred

0.59

GERP RS

5.8

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Varity_R

0.23

gMVP

0.28

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.010

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over